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首页> 外文期刊>Aquaculture Reports >Effects of microbe- and mussel-based diets on the gut microbiota in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
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Effects of microbe- and mussel-based diets on the gut microbiota in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

机译：基于微生物和贻贝的饮食对北极鲑鱼（Salvelinus alpinus）肠道菌群的影响

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A major challenge in aquaculture is finding nutrient resources that do not compete with human demand and do not threaten ecological sustainability. Single cell proteins, such as filamentous fungi and yeasts, have similar nutrient profiles to fish meal, grow fast under optimal conditions and contain high amounts of protein, making them attractive candidates as alternative nutrient sources for farmed fish. Moreover, the cell walls of yeasts and filamentous fungi have bioactive properties, potentially mediated via the intestinal microbiota, that positively affect the intestinal health of fish. The microbiota in fish is not well explored and it is uncertain how different dietary components influence its composition. Five experimental diets were fed to Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) to investigate their effects on gut microbiota. The fish meal in a reference diet was replaced with either intact or extracted yeast cells of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae or meal from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). The microbiota was characterised in samples collected from the proximal and distal intestine using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with Illumina MiSeq. Sequence data showed that the gut microbiota was dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, which represented 85% of total community abundance, with lactic acid bacteria representing 36.2%. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data revealed that the microbiota in proximal and distal regions of the intestine had similar composition and that replacement of fish meal with yeast and filamentous fungi affected microbiota composition, primarily with higher relative proportions of Photobacterium and Lactobacillus. Lactic acid bacteria were a dominant fraction of the intestinal microbiota in Arctic charr. Microbial based feeds were associated with similar changes in microbiota composition, but contrasting to the fish-meal based reference diet. Microbiota composition was similar in the proximal and distal gut, but dietary responses were specific to gut segment.
机译：水产养殖面临的主要挑战是找到无法与人类需求竞争且不会威胁生态可持续性的营养资源。单细胞蛋白质，例如丝状真菌和酵母，具有与鱼粉相似的营养成分，在最佳条件下快速生长，并且含有大量蛋白质，使其成为养殖鱼类的替代营养来源的诱人候选物。此外，酵母和丝状真菌的细胞壁具有生物活性，可能通过肠道菌群介导，对鱼类的肠道健康产生积极影响。鱼中的微生物群没有得到很好的探索，尚不确定不同的饮食成分如何影响其组成。将五种实验饮食饲喂北极Arc（Salvelinus alpinus），以研究它们对肠道菌群的影响。将参考饮食中的鱼粉替换为完整或提取的酿酒酵母，丝状真菌米根霉菌或蓝贻贝（Mytilus edulis）的酵母细胞。使用Illumina MiSeq用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序从近端和远端肠收集的样品中鉴定微生物群。序列数据表明，肠道菌群主要由Firmicutes和Proteobacteria组成，占总群落丰度的85％，而乳酸菌占36.2％。数据的主成分分析（PCA）显示，肠近端和远端区域的微生物群具有相似的组成，用酵母和丝状真菌替代鱼粉会影响微生物群组成，主要是细菌和乳酸杆菌的相对比例较高。乳酸菌是北极鲑鱼肠道菌群的主要组成部分。基于微生物的饲料与微生物群组成的相似变化有关，但与基于鱼粉的参考饮食形成对比。肠道近端和远端的微生物群组成相似，但饮食反应是肠道段特有的。

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