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首页> 外文期刊>Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review >FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PROCESS OF UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE ERSTWHILE BOPHUTHATSWANA AND SOME LESSONS FOR DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA IN TERMS OF POLICY IMPERATIVES AND THE KEY ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
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FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PROCESS OF UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE WITHIN THE ERSTWHILE BOPHUTHATSWANA AND SOME LESSONS FOR DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA IN TERMS OF POLICY IMPERATIVES AND THE KEY ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

机译：波斯尼亚波什沃纳州内农业管理中不均衡发展过程的因素以及南非民主政治的一些诱因，包括政策上的命令和农业在经济发展中的关键作用

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This paper deals with the factors that contributed to the processes of uneven development in the management of agriculture in the former Bophuthatswana state. In outlining these factors certain management issues will be discussed by providing empirical evidence in this regard. Policy reforms in general will be raised in parts of the discussion. This is based on the premise that the amount of external assistance that would have been required to sustain Bophuthatswana’s economy and state in terms of addressing the manifest problems within government as a whole and for purposes of agricultural development and for reducing poverty, would have been substantially higher and will have been required for a much longer period. In attempting this, it is acknowledged that the recital of likely macroeconomic effects leaves out some important factors, and that the aggregative model does not pretend to capture all the richness and complexities of the former state’s agriculture and economy. Therefore, one cannot model the effects of all policy alternatives, nor does the discussion address questions of institutional or administrative reforms, except for introducing very briefly a specific viewpoint and opinion on the options that were open to Bophuthatswana. In as much as they affected its future, in terms of the constitutional proposals that were emerging in South Africa in the dynamic period of transition that ultimately led to the acceptance and construction of the democratic South African State in April of 1994. 126 Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. 3, No.2; Oct. 2013 The emphasis of the paper is therefore six fold. Firstly, it captures certain salient issues in respect of uneven development and the management of agriculture from the importance of an historical perspective and appeals for a paradigm shift by the democratic South African state in respect to agriculture and industrialization. More importantly, this appeal is grounded on the basis of a call for incorporating both the macro and micro in the South African reform process. Secondly, it exposes the MBA management student to the above, by exposing the student to agricultural discourse and its importance to business and management principles, and issues pertaining to development. Thirdly, it exemplifies the importance to Business Schools in general to incorporate a paradigm shift in respect of the types of issues that need to be included within the syllabi of MBA degrees and programmes. Fourthly, it brings to the fore a host of issues that students must look at in a critical manner within their studies when looking at agricultural, economic and development issues. Some of these are: poverty, telecommunications, nutrition, health issues, population growth, manpower and employment, illiteracy, education, family planning, research, rural welfare, technological change, variability in agriculture, agricultural business and its industrialization, organization,, policy implications, administration, physical infrastructure, farmer participation, transport, extension problems and so on, amidst a host of other important factors (These are not discussed in this paper). Fifth, that most or in fact almost all, revolutionary societies that have fought struggles against their colonial masters’ over time are generally structured and developed on the basis of the importance of agriculture, and the land question, in order to secure their independence and economies, for purposes of development and the promotion of the general welfare of their people, by means of redistribution of land and the promotion of their agricultural potential. These two aspects have in the main not been realized in almost 20 years of freedom and democracy in South Africa, and has therefore contributed to massive poverty, inequality and unemployment within the country. Lastly, or sixth that historical analysis is vital for purposes of understanding and elaborating on issues that affect development, with the hope that the history of the past would allow present governments to deal with underdevelopment, uneven development and agricultural challenges in a more cogent and intellectual manner, in order that they may set into motion proper policy initiatives to address the manifest problems that confront so – called Third World countries. Despite the inherent difficulties, some attention must be given to the purposes and goals of the management of agriculture. Why do farmers do so badly will be posed and discussed? The primacy of industrialization will be very briefly discussed and assessed. Lastly, it is hoped that managers of agriculture within the public sector of democratic South Africa, as well as the government will be in a position to learn from the experiences of the erstwhile Bophuthatswana, in a manner that they would not repeat the mistakes made by the former homeland in respect of the processes of uneven development and the poor management of agricultural develo
机译：本文探讨了造成前波普塔那斯瓦纳州农业管理中不均衡发展过程的因素。在概述这些因素时，将通过提供这方面的经验证据来讨论某些管理问题。讨论的一部分将总体上提出政策改革。这是基于这样一个前提，即为了解决整个政府内部明显的问题以及为了农业发展和减少贫困​​的目的，维持波普塔那斯瓦纳的经济和国家所需的外部援助将是相当大的更高，并且需要更长的时间。在尝试这种做法时，人们认识到可能产生宏观经济影响的独奏遗漏了一些重要因素，而且这种综合模型并不假装抓住了前州农业和经济的所有丰富性和复杂性。因此，除了简短地介绍对博普胡特斯瓦纳开放的备选方案的一种特定观点和看法外，无法模拟所有政策选择的效果，讨论也不能解决体制或行政改革的问题。就其对未来的影响而言，在充满活力的过渡时期南非提出的宪法提案方面，最终导致1994年4月南非民主国家的接受和建设。126科威特章阿拉伯工商管理杂志评论卷。 3、2号因此，2013年10月，论文的重点是六重。首先，它从历史的角度抓住了发展不平衡和农业管理方面的一些突出问题，并呼吁南非民主国家在农业和工业化方面进行范式转变。更重要的是，这一呼吁是基于呼吁将宏观和微观都纳入南非改革进程的基础。其次，它通过向学生介绍农业知识及其对商业和管理原理的重要性以及与发展有关的问题，使MBA管理专业的学生了解上述内容。第三，它例证了一般商学院对于将需要纳入MBA学位和课程大纲中的问题类型纳入范式转变的重要性。第四，它提出了许多问题，学生在研究农业，经济和发展问题时必须以批判的方式研究他们的问题。其中一些是：贫困，电信，营养，健康问题，人口增长，人力和就业，文盲，教育，计划生育，研究，农村福利，技术变革，农业，农业企业及其工业化的变数，组织，政策影响，行政管理，有形基础设施，农民参与，运输，推广问题等，其中包括许多其他重要因素（本文未讨论）。第五，随着时间的推移，与殖民统治者进行斗争的大多数或事实上几乎所有的革命社会，其总体结构和发展都是基于农业的重要性和土地问题，以确保其独立性和经济性。为了发展和增进人民的总体福祉，通过重新分配土地和促进其农业潜力。这两个方面在南非近20年来的自由和民主中基本上​​没有实现，因此导致了南非的大规模贫困，不平等和失业。最后，第六，历史分析对于理解和阐述影响发展的问题至关重要，希望过去的历史能够使现任政府以更加有力和理性的态度应对不发达，发展不平衡和农业挑战这样，他们就可以采取适当的政策措施来解决所谓的第三世界国家所面临的明显问题。尽管存在固有的困难，但仍必须注意农业管理的目的和目标。为什么农民会做得如此糟糕呢？将非常简短地讨论和评估工业化的重要性。最后，希望民主南非的公共部门内的农业管理者以及政府能够从以前的博普塔那斯瓦纳（Bophuthatswana）的经验中吸取教训，以免他们重复犯下的错误。在发展不平衡和农业发展管理不善的过程中成为前国

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