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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >The impacts of firework burning at the Chinese Spring Festival on air quality: insights of tracers, source evolution and aging processes
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The impacts of firework burning at the Chinese Spring Festival on air quality: insights of tracers, source evolution and aging processes

机译：中国春节烟花燃放对空气质量的影响：示踪剂的见解，排放源演变和老化过程

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摘要

To understand the impact of firework-burning (FW) particles on air quality and human health during the winter haze period, 39 elements, 10 water-soluble ions and 8 fractions of carbonaceous species in atmospheric PMsub2.5/sub in Nanjing were investigated during the 2014 Chinese Spring Festival (SF). Serious regional haze pollution persisted throughout the entire sampling period, with PMsub2.5/sub averaging at 113 ± 69 μg msup?3/sup and visibility at 4.8 ± 3.2 km. The holiday effect led to almost all the chemical species decreasing during the SF, except for Al, K, Ba and Sr which were related to FW. The source contributions of coal combustion, vehicle emission and road dust decreased dramatically, whereas FW contributed to about half of the PMsub2.5/sub during the SF period. The intensive emission of FW particles on New Year's Eve accounted for 60.1% of the PMsub2.5/sub. Fireworks also obviously modified the chemical compositions of PMsub2.5/sub, with 39.3% contributed by increased organic matter, followed by steadily increased loadings of secondary inorganic ions. The aging processes of the FW particles lasted for about 4 days reflected by the variations of Ba, Sr, NHsub4/subsup+/sup, NOsub3/subsup−/sup, SOsub4/subsup2−/sup and Ksup+/sup, characterized by heterogeneous reactions of SOsub2/sub and NOsubx/sub on crustal materials directly from FW, the replacement of Clsup−/sup by NOsub3/subsup−/sup and SOsub4/subsup2−/sup, coating of NOsub3/subsup−/sup and SOsub4/subsup2−/sup on soot, formation of secondary organic aerosols and metal-catalyzed formation of NOsub3/subsup−/sup and SOsub4/subsup2−/sup at higher relative humidity. During aging, the main contributors to the extinction coefficient shifted from elemental carbon and organic matter to ammonium sulfate. The particles raised higher cancer risk of 1.62 × 10sup−6/sup by heavy metals (especially for Cd and As). This study provided detailed composition data and first comprehensive analysis of the aging processes of FW particles during the serious haze pollution period and their potential impact on human health.
机译：为了了解烟火颗粒在冬季烟霾时期对空气质量和人体健康的影响，研究了大气PM 2.5 中的39种元素，10种水溶性离子和8种碳质组分。在2014年中国春节期间，对南京进行了调查。在整个采样期间，严重的区域雾霾污染持续存在，PM 2.5 平均为113±69μgm ？3 ，可见度为4.8±3.2 km。假期效应导致SF期间几乎所有化学物质减少，除了与FW相关的Al，K，Ba和Sr。 SF期间，煤炭燃烧，车辆排放和道路扬尘的源头贡献显着下降，而FW贡献了PM 2.5 的一半左右。在除夕，FW颗粒的密集排放占PM 2.5 的60.1％。烟花还明显改变了PM 2.5 的化学成分，其中有机物含量增加了39.3％，其次是无机无机离子的含量稳定增加。 Ba，Sr，NH 4 + ，NO 3 ＆minus; ，SO 4 2＆minus; 和K + ，其特征在于SO 2 和NO x 直接来自FW，用NO 3 ＆minus; 替换Cl ＆minus; 和SO 4 2＆minus; ，涂覆NO 3 ＆minus; 和SO 4 2＆minus; 碳黑，二次有机气溶胶的形成以及金属催化的NO 3 ＆minus; 和SO 4 2＆minus; 在较高的相对湿度下。在老化过程中，消光系数的主要贡献者从元素碳和有机物转变为硫酸铵。这些颗粒通过重金属（尤其是镉和砷）引起的癌变风险更高，为1.62×10 负6 。这项研究提供了详细的组成数据，并首次全面分析了雾霾严重污染期间FW颗粒的老化过程及其对人体健康的潜在影响。

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