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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Mass concentration and ion composition of coarse and fine particles in an urban area in Beirut: effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of nitric and sulfuric acids and the depletion of chloride
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Mass concentration and ion composition of coarse and fine particles in an urban area in Beirut: effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of nitric and sulfuric acids and the depletion of chloride

机译：贝鲁特市区粗颗粒和细颗粒的质量浓度和离子组成：碳酸钙对硝酸和硫酸的吸收以及氯的消耗的影响

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Levels of coarse (PM10-2.5) and fine (PM2.5) particles were determinedbetween February 2004 and January 2005 in the city of Beirut, Lebanon.While low PM mass concentrations were measured in the rainy season, elevatedlevels were detected during sand storms originating from Arabian desertand/or Africa. Using ATR-FTIR and IC, it was shown that nitrate, sulfate,carbonate and chloride were the main anionic constituents of the coarseparticles, whereas sulfate was mostly predominant in the fine particles inthe form of (NH4)2SO4. Ammonium nitrate was not expected tobe important because the medium was defined as ammonium poor. In parallel,the cations Ca2+ and Na+ dominated in the coarse, andNH4+, Ca2+ and Na+ in the fine particles. Coarse nitrateand sulfate ions resulted from the respective reactions of nitric andsulfuric acid with a relatively high amount of calcium carbonate. BothCaCO3 and Ca(NO3)2 crystals identified by ATR-FTIR in thecoarse particles were found to be resistant to soaking in water for 24 hbut became water soluble when they were formed in the fine particlessuggesting, thereby, different growth and adsorption phenomena. The seasonalvariational study showed that nitrate and sulfate ion concentrationsincreased in the summer due to the enhancement of photochemical reactionswhich facilitated the conversion of NO2 and SO2 gases intoNO3- and SO42-, respectively. While nitrate was mainlydue to local heavy traffic, sulfates were due to local and long-rangetransport phenomena. Using the air mass trajectory HYSPLIT model, it wasfound that the increase in the sulfate concentration correlated with windvectors coming from Eastern and Central Europe. Chloride levels, on theother hand, were high when wind originated from the sea and low during sandstorms. In addition to sea salt, elevated levels of chloride were alsoattributed to waste mass burning in proximity to the site. In comparison toother neighboring Mediterranean countries, relatively higher concentrationsof calcium in Beirut were good indication of calcitic crustal abundance.Considering the importance of the health and climate impacts of aerosolslocally and regionally, this study constitutes a point of reference foreastern Mediterranean transport modeling studies and local regulatory andpolicy makers.
机译：在黎巴嫩贝鲁特市于2004年2月至2005年1月期间确定了粗颗粒（PM10-2.5）和细颗粒（PM2.5）的水平，虽然在雨季测得的PM浓度较低，但在沙尘暴引发时却发现了较高的水平来自阿拉伯沙漠和/或非洲。使用ATR-FTIR和IC，表明硝酸根，硫酸根，碳酸根和氯离子是粗颗粒的主要阴离子成分，而硫酸根在（NH 4 ）形式的细颗粒中占主导地位 2 SO 4 。预计硝酸铵并不重要，因为该介质被定义为贫铵。平行地，阳离子Ca 2 + 和Na + 在粗粒中占主导地位，而NH 4 + ，Ca <细颗粒中的sup> 2 + 和Na + 。硝酸根和硫酸根离子的粗化是由于硝酸和硫酸分别与相对大量的碳酸钙反应而产生的。通过ATR-FTIR鉴定的粗颗粒中的CaCO 3 和Ca（NO 3 ） 2 晶体均被发现具有抗水浸泡能力24但是当它们形成细颗粒时，它们变成水溶性的，因此，不同的生长和吸附现象。季节变化研究表明，由于光化学反应的增强，夏季硝酸盐和硫酸盐离子的浓度增加，这促进了NO 2 和SO 2 气体向NO 3 <的转化。 / sub> -和SO 4 2-。硝酸盐主要是由于当地交通繁忙，而硫酸盐则是由于当地和远距离运输现象所致。使用空气质量轨迹HYSPLIT模型，发现硫酸盐浓度的增加与来自东欧和中欧的风向相关。另一方面，当风来自大海时，氯化物含量较高，而在沙尘暴时则较低。除海盐外，氯化物含量的增加还归因于该地点附近的废物燃烧。与其他邻近的地中海国家相比，贝鲁特的钙含量相对较高是钙质地壳丰度的良好指示。考虑到气溶胶对当地和区域的健康和气候影响的重要性，该研究为东地中海运输模型研究和地方法规提供了参考政策制定者。

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