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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric chemistry and physics >Do contemporary (1980–2015) emissions determine the elemental carbon deposition trend at Holtedahlfonna glacier, Svalbard?
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Do contemporary (1980–2015) emissions determine the elemental carbon deposition trend at Holtedahlfonna glacier, Svalbard?

机译：当代（1980-2015年）的排放量是否决定斯瓦尔巴特群岛Holtedahlfonna冰川的元素碳沉积趋势？

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The climate impact of black carbon (BC) is notably amplified in the Arctic by its deposition, which causes albedo decrease and subsequent earlier snow and ice spring melt. To comprehensively assess the climate impact of BC in the Arctic, information on both atmospheric BC concentrations and deposition is essential. Currently, Arctic BC deposition data are very scarce, while atmospheric BC concentrations have been shown to generally decrease since the 1990s. However, a?300-year Svalbard ice core showed a?distinct increase in EC (elemental carbon, proxy for BC) deposition from 1970 to 2004 contradicting atmospheric measurements and modelling studies. Here, our objective was to decipher whether this increase has continued in the 21st century and to investigate the drivers of the observed EC deposition trends. For this, a?shallow firn core was collected from the same Svalbard glacier, and a?regional-to-meso-scale chemical transport model (SILAM) was run from 1980 to 2015. The ice and firn core data indicate peaking EC deposition values at the end of the 1990s and lower values thereafter. The modelled BC deposition results generally support the observed glacier EC variations. However, the ice and firn core results clearly deviate from both measured and modelled atmospheric BC concentration trends, and the modelled BC deposition trend shows variations seemingly independent from BC emission or atmospheric BC concentration trends. Furthermore, according to the model ca. 99?% BC mass is wet-deposited at this Svalbard glacier, indicating that meteorological processes such as precipitation and scavenging efficiency have most likely a?stronger influence on the BC deposition trend than BC emission or atmospheric concentration trends. BC emission source sectors contribute differently to the modelled atmospheric BC concentrations and BC deposition, which further supports our conclusion that different processes affect atmospheric BC concentration and deposition trends. Consequently, Arctic BC deposition trends should not directly be inferred based on atmospheric BC measurements, and more observational BC deposition data are required to assess the climate impact of BC in Arctic snow.
机译：黑碳（BC）的气候影响由于其沉积而在北极特别显着，这导致反照率下降，随后雪雪冰融化较早。为了全面评估不列颠哥伦比亚省对气候的影响，有关大气中不列颠哥伦比亚省浓度和沉积的信息至关重要。目前，北极BC沉积数据非常稀少，而自1990年代以来，大气BC浓度已显示总体下降。然而，从1970年到2004年，一个300年的斯瓦尔巴德冰芯显示EC（元素碳，BC的代表）沉积量明显增加，这与大气测量和模拟研究相矛盾。在这里，我们的目的是破译这种增长是否在21世纪继续进行，并调查观察到的EC沉积趋势的驱动因素。为此，从同一斯瓦尔巴德冰川收集了一个浅层的火成岩芯，并于1980年至2015年运行了一个区域到中尺度的化学迁移模型（SILAM）。在1990年代末，此后的价值较低。建模的BC沉积结果通常支持观测到的冰川EC变化。但是，冰芯和火成岩芯的结果明显偏离了测量和模拟的大气BC浓度趋势，而模拟的BC沉积趋势显示出的变化似乎与BC排放或大气BC浓度趋势无关。此外，根据模型约。斯瓦尔巴德冰川的BC含量为99％，这是湿沉降的现象，这表明气象过程（如降水和清除效率）对BC沉积趋势的影响最可能大于BC排放或大气浓度趋势。 BC排放源部门对模拟的大气BC浓度和BC沉积的贡献不同，这进一步支持了我们的结论，即不同的过程会影响大气BC浓度和沉积趋势。因此，不应基于大气BC测量直接推断北极BC沉积趋势，并且需要更多的观测BC沉积数据来评估BC对北极雪的气候影响。

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