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Dynamically controlled ozone decline in the tropical mid-stratosphere observed by SCIAMACHY

机译：SCIAMACHY观测到的热带平流层中臭氧的动态控制下降

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Despite the recently reported beginning of a recovery in global stratospheric ozone ( Osub3/sub ), an unexpected Osub3/sub decline in the tropical mid-stratosphere (around 30–35?km altitude) was observed in satellite measurements during the first decade of the 21st century. We use SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) measurements for the period 2004–2012 to confirm the significant Osub3/sub decline. The SCIAMACHY observations show that the decrease in Osub3/sub is accompanied by an increase in NOsub2/sub . To reveal the causes of these observed Osub3/sub and NOsub2/sub changes, we performed simulations with the TOMCAT 3-D chemistry-transport model (CTM) using different chemical and dynamical forcings. For the 2004–2012 time period, the TOMCAT simulations reproduce the SCIAMACHY-observed Osub3/sub decrease and NOsub2/sub increase in the tropical mid-stratosphere. The simulations suggest that the positive changes in NOsub2/sub (around 7?%?decade sup?1/sup ) are due to similar positive changes in reactive odd nitrogen ( NOsuby/sub ), which are a result of a longer residence time of the source gas Nsub2/subO and increased production via Nsub2/subO +?O( sup1/sup D). The model simulations show a negative change of 10?%?decade sup?1/sup in Nsub2/subO that is most likely due to variations in the deep branch of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation (BDC). Interestingly, modelled annual mean “age of air” (AoA) does not show any significant changes in transport in the tropical mid-stratosphere during 2004–2012. However, further analysis of model results demonstrates significant seasonal variations. During the autumn months (September–October) there are positive AoA changes that imply transport slowdown and a longer residence time of Nsub2/subO allowing for more conversion to NOsuby/sub , which enhances Osub3/sub loss. During winter months (January–February) there are negative AoA changes, indicating faster Nsub2/subO transport and less NOsuby/sub production. Although the variations in AoA over a year result in a statistically insignificant linear change, non-linearities in the chemistry–transport interactions lead to a statistically significant negative Nsub2/subO change.
机译：尽管最近报道了全球平流层臭氧（O 3 ）开始恢复的趋势，但平流层中层（海拔约30-35？km）的O 3 却意外下降）是在21世纪前十年的卫星测量中观察到的。我们使用SCanning成像吸收光谱仪进行2004-2012年的大气制图（SCIAMACHY）测量，以确认O 3 的显着下降。 SCIAMACHY观测结果表明，O 3 的减少伴随着NO 2 的增加。为了揭示这些观察到的O 3 和NO 2 变化的原因，我们使用不同的化学和动态力，使用TOMCAT 3-D化学迁移模型（CTM）进行了模拟。 。在2004–2012年期间，TOMCAT模拟重现了热带平流层中部SCIAMACHY观测到的O 3 减少和NO 2 减少。模拟结果表明，NO 2 的正变化（约7％？decade ？1 ）是由于反应性奇氮（NO y ），这是源气体N 2 O停留时间更长和通过N 2 O +？O（ 1 D）。模型模拟显示N 2 O中10 %% decade ？1 的负变化，这很可能是由于Brewer-Dobson循环深层分支的变化（BDC）。有趣的是，在2004-2012年期间，模拟的年平均“空气年龄”（AoA）并未显示平流层中部热带地区的运输有任何重大变化。但是，对模型结果的进一步分析表明存在明显的季节性变化。在秋季月份（9月至10月）中，AoA呈正变化，这意味着运输变慢，并且N 2 O的停留时间更长，从而可以更多地转化为NO y 。增加O 3 的损失。在冬季（1月至2月）中，AoA呈负变化，这表明N 2 O的运输速度更快，而NO y 的产生则较少。尽管一年内AoA的变化导致统计上的线性变化不明显，但化学-运输相互作用的非线性导致N 2 O发生统计上显着的负变化。

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