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Snow physics as relevant to snow photochemistry

机译：雪物理学与雪光化学有关

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Snow on the ground is a complex multiphase photochemical reactor thatdramatically modifies the chemical composition of the overlying atmosphere.A quantitative description of the emissions of reactive gases by snowrequires knowledge of snow physical properties. This overview details ourcurrent understanding of how those physical properties relevant to snowphotochemistry vary during snow metamorphism. Properties discussed aredensity, specific surface area, thermal conductivity, permeability, gasdiffusivity and optical properties. Inasmuch as possible, equations toparameterize these properties as functions of climatic variables areproposed, based on field measurements, laboratory experiments and theory.The potential of remote sensing methods to obtain information on some snowphysical variables such as grain size, liquid water content and snow depthare discussed. The possibilities for and difficulties of building a snowphotochemistry model by adapting current snow physics models are explored.Elaborate snow physics models already exist, and including variables ofparticular interest to snow photochemistry such as light fluxes and specificsurface area appears possible. On the other hand, understanding the natureand location of reactive molecules in snow seems to be the greatestdifficulty modelers will have to face for lack of experimental data, andprogress on this aspect will require the detailed study of natural snowsamples.
机译：地面上的雪是一个复杂的多相光化学反应器，可戏剧性地改变上层大气的化学成分。雪对反应性气体排放的定量描述需要了解雪的物理性质。此概述详细说明了我们当前对与雪光化学有关的那些物理特性在雪变质过程中如何变化的理解。讨论的性质为密度，比表面积，导热率，渗透率，气体扩散率和光学性质。在野外测量，实验室实验和理论的基础上，提出了尽可能地根据气候变量的函数对这些特性进行参数化的方程式。讨论了遥感方法获得一些雪物理变量（如粒度，液态水含量和雪深）信息的潜力。 。探索了通过适应当前的雪物理模型建立雪光化学模型的可能性和困难。已经存在复杂的雪物理模型，并且包括对光化学特别感兴趣的变量，例如光通量和比表面积，似乎是可能的。另一方面，了解雪中反应性分子的性质和位置似乎是建模者因缺乏实验数据而必须面对的最大难题，而这方面的进展将需要对自然雪样进行详细研究。

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