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Global distributions of nitric acid from IASI/MetOP measurements

机译：根据IASI / MetOP测量结果得出的硝酸的全球分布

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This paper presents the first global distributions of HNO3 totalcolumns acquired by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)instrument, launched onboard the MetOp platform in October 2006. IASI is aninfrared nadir-looking Fourier transform spectrometer providing atmosphericradiance spectra at 0.5 cm−1 spectral resolution, from whichtemperature and infrared absorbing gas concentration profiles are retrievedwith global Earth coverage twice a day. A first analysis of the IASImeasurements in terms of information content demonstrates the possibility ofretrieving a total column for HNO3 at all latitudes with a maximalsensitivity in the middle stratosphere. The retrievals are performed fromIASI spectra in the atmospheric window using a fast radiative transfer modeland inversion software (FORLI) relying on the Optimal Estimation Method. Theoperational processing of HNO3 total columns is achieved since March2008. We show that FORLI-HNO3 performs well at all latitudes (RMS ofthe spectral residuals around 2.3×10−6 W/m2 sr m−1)and provides HNO3 total columns with on average statistical errors ofabout 12%, reaching the threshold value of 32% at the equatorial belt.The global distributions of the retrieved total columns for one year (fromMarch 2008 to February 2009) are presented and discussed with emphasis givento seasonal and interhemispheric variations. Local seasonal variations at 6specific locations are also described and discussed in comparison with MLSvolume mixing ratios at 46.5 hPa. The seasonal cycle observed in Polarregions is highlighted, with maxima observed in fall-winter and minimaduring spring-summer. The denitrification inside the Antarctic polar vortexduring winter is clearly revealed with unprecedented horizontal resolution:HNO3 columns decreasing down to about 1×1016 molecules cm−2are observed, which is consistent with the lower values of temperatureobserved between 50 and 15 hPa (~20–25 km) and the resulting formationand sedimentation of polar stratospheric clouds. During the same period, thecollar region of high quantities of HNO3 at the vortex edge is alsoobserved around 65–60° S latitude. Preliminary correlations between IASIderived HNO3 and O3 columns inside the polar vortex are presentedand discussed.
机译：本文介绍了2006年10月在MetOp平台上发射的，由红外大气探测干涉仪（IASI）仪器获得的HNO 3 总柱子的全球分布情况。光谱分辨率为0.5 cm -1 的光谱，每天两次获取温度和吸收红外线的气体浓度分布图，并覆盖全球。对IASI测量的信息内容的首次分析表明，有可能在平流层中部以最大灵敏度检索所有纬度的HNO 3 的总列。使用快速辐射传输模型和反演软件（FORLI）依靠最佳估计方法，从大气窗口中的IASI光谱中进行检索。自2008年3月以来，已完成HNO 3 总列的运算处理。我们证明了FORLI-HNO 3 在所有纬度上都表现良好（光谱残差的RMS约为2.3×10 −6 W / m 2 sr m −1 ）并提供HNO 3 列，平均统计误差约为12％，在赤道带达到32％的阈值。介绍并讨论了一年（从2008年3月到2009年2月）的总列数，重点是季节和半球间隔的变化。与46.5 hPa处的MLS体积混合比相比，还描述和讨论了6个特定位置的局部季节性变化。突出显示了极地地区观察到的季节性周期，在秋冬和春季夏季最小程度观察到了最大值。冬季期间南极极涡内的反硝化作用清楚地显示出来，并具有前所未有的水平分辨率：HNO 3 列减小到大约1×10 16 分子cm −2 值与50到15 hPa（〜20-25 km）之间较低的温度值以及由此形成的极地平流层云的形成和沉积一致。在同一时期，在涡旋边缘约65–60°S处也观察到了高浓度HNO 3 的颈圈区域。提出并讨论了IASI产生的极涡内的HNO 3 和O 3 列之间的初步相关性。

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