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The ice nucleation ability of one of the most abundant types of fungal spores found in the atmosphere

机译：大气中最丰富的真菌孢子之一的冰成核能力

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Recent atmospheric measurements show that biological particles are apotentially important class of ice nuclei. Types of biological particlesthat may be good ice nuclei include bacteria, pollen and fungal spores. Westudied the ice nucleation properties of water droplets containing fungalspores from the genus Cladosporium, one of the most abundant types of sporesfound in the atmosphere. For water droplets containing a Cladosporium sporesurface area of ~217 μm2 (equivalent to ~5 spores withaverage diameters of 3.2 μm ), 1% of the droplets froze by?28.5 °C and 10% froze by –30.1 °C. However, there was a strongdependence on freezing temperature with the spore surface area ofCladosporium within a given droplet. Mean freezing temperatures for dropletscontaining 1–5 spores are expected to be approximately ?35.1 ± 2.3 °C (1σ S. D.). Atmospheric ice nucleation on spores ofCladosporium sp., or other spores with similar surface properties, thus donot appear to explain recent atmospheric measurements showing thatbiological particles participate as atmospheric ice nuclei. The poor icenucleation ability of Cladosporium sp. may be attributed to the surfacewhich is coated with hydrophobins (a class of hydrophobic proteins thatappear to be widespread in filamentous fungi). Given the ubiquity ofhydrophobins on spore surfaces, the current study may be applicable to manyfungal species of atmospheric importance.
机译：最近的大气测量表明，生物颗粒是冰核的潜在重要类别。可能是良好冰核的生物颗粒类型包括细菌，花粉和真菌孢子。研究了含 Cladosporium 属真菌孢子的水滴的冰成核特性，该真菌是大气中最丰富的孢子之一。对于包含 Cladosporium 孢子表面积为〜217μm 2 的水滴（相当于〜5个平均直径为3.2μm的孢子），1％的水滴冻结28.5° C和10％的温度冻结为–30.1°C。但是，冷冻温度与给定液滴内 Cladosporium 的孢子表面积密切相关。含1-5个孢子的液滴的平均冻结温度预计约为？35.1±2.3°C（1σS. D.）。 Cl子孢子孢子或具有类似表面性质的其他孢子上的大气冰核化，因此似乎不能解释最近的大气测量结果，表明生物学粒子参与了大气冰核。刺孢孢霉的冰核能力差可能是由于被疏水蛋白（一类疏水性蛋白，似乎在丝状真菌中广泛分布）所覆盖的表面所致。鉴于疏水蛋白在孢子表面上无处不在，目前的研究可能适用于许多具有大气重要性的真菌。

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