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The SCOUT-O3 Darwin Aircraft Campaign: rationale and meteorology

机译：SCOUT-O3达尔文飞机战役：基本原理和气象

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An aircraft measurement campaign involving the Russianhigh-altitude aircraft M55 Geophysica and the German DLR Falconwas conducted in Darwin, Australia in November and December 2005as part of the European integrated project SCOUT-O3. The overallobjectives of the campaign were to study the transport of tracegases through the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), mechanisms ofdehydration close to the tropopause, and the role of deepconvection in these processes. In this paper a detailed roadmap ofthe campaign is presented, including rationales for each flight,and an analysis of the local and large-scale meteorologicalcontext in which they were embedded. The campaign took placeduring the pre-monsoon season which is characterized by apronounced diurnal evolution of deep convection including amesoscale system over the Tiwi Islands north of Darwin known as"Hector". This allowed studying in detail the role of deepconvection in structuring the tropical tropopause region, in situsampling convective overshoots above storm anvils, and probing thestructure of anvils and cirrus clouds by Lidar and a suite of insitu instruments onboard the two aircraft. The large-scale flowduring the first half of the campaign was such that local flights,away from convection, sampled air masses downstream of the "coldtrap" region over Indonesia. Abundant cirrus clouds enabled thestudy of active dehydration, in particular during two TTL surveyflights. The campaign period also encompassed a Rossby wavebreaking event transporting stratospheric air to the tropicalmiddle troposphere and an equatorial Kelvin wave modulatingtropopause temperatures and hence the conditions for dehydration.
机译：作为欧洲综合项目SCOUT-O3的一部分，于2005年11月和12月在澳大利亚达尔文市进行了一次涉及俄罗斯高空飞机M55 Geophysica和德国DLR Falconwa的飞机测量战。该运动的总体目标是研究痕量气体通过热带对流层顶层（TTL）的传输，靠近对流层顶的脱水机制以及深对流在这些过程中的作用。本文提出了该运动的详细路线图，包括每次飞行的原理，并分析了嵌入其中的当地和大规模气象背景。这场运动是在季风前季节进行的，该季节的特征是深度对流的昼夜变化，包括在达尔文以北的提维群岛上被称为“赫克托”的深水对流系统。这样就可以详细研究深对流在构造热带对流层顶区域中的作用，在风暴砧上方对流过冲的情景采样，以及由Lidar和两架飞机上的一套现场仪器探测砧和卷云的结构。在竞选活动的上半年期间，大规模的飞行使本地飞行远离对流，对印度尼西亚“冷阱”地区下游的空气质量进行了采样。大量的卷云使得能够进行主动脱水的研究，特别是在两次TTL测量飞行期间。竞选期间还包括将平流层空气输送到热带中层对流层的Rossby破波事件和调节对流层顶温度以及由此引起的脱水条件的赤道开尔文波。

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