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Observations of new particle formation in enhanced UV irradiance zones near cumulus clouds

机译：在积云附近增强的紫外线辐照区中新粒子形成的观测

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During the CARRIBA (Cloud, Aerosol, Radiation and tuRbulence in thetrade wInd regime over BArbados) campaign, the interaction between aerosol particlesand cloud microphysical properties was investigated in detail, which alsoincludes the influence of clouds on the aerosol formation. During twointensive campaigns in 2010 and 2011, helicopter-borne measurement flightswere performed to investigate the thermodynamic, turbulent,microphysical, and radiative properties of trade-wind cumuli over Barbados.During these flights, 91 cases with increased aerosol particle numberconcentrations near clouds were detected. The majority of these cases arealso correlated with enhanced irradiance in the ultraviolet (UV) spectralwavelength range. This enhancement reaches values up to a factor of 3.3greater compared to background values. Thus, cloud boundaries provide a perfectenvironment for the production of precursor gases for new particle formation.Another feature of cloud edges is an increased turbulence, which may alsoenhance nucleation and particle growth. The observed events have a meanlength of 100 m, corresponding to a lifetime of less than 300 s. This impliesthat particles with diameters of at least 7 nm grew several nanometers perminute, which corresponds to the upper end of values in the literature(Kulmala et al., 2004). Such high values cannot be explained by sulfuric acidalone; thus extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs) are probablyinvolved here.
机译：在CARRIBA（BArbados贸易风中的云，气溶胶，辐射和湍流）活动期间，详细研究了气溶胶颗粒与云微物理性质之间的相互作用，其中还包括云对气溶胶形成的影响。在2010年和2011年的两次密集运动中，进行了直升机载测量飞行，以调查巴巴多斯上的风向积云的热力学，湍流，微物理和辐射特性，在这些飞行中，发现了91例云附近气溶胶颗粒浓度增加的案例。这些情况中的大多数还与紫外线（UV）光谱波长范围内的辐照度增强相关。与背景值相比，此增强功能可将值提高到最大3.3倍。因此，云边界为生产用于新颗粒形成的前驱气体提供了理想的环境。云边缘的另一个特征是湍流增加，这也可能增强成核作用和颗粒生长。所观察到的事件的平均长度为100 m，对应于小于300 s的寿命。这意味着直径至少为7 nm的粒子每分钟增长几纳米，这对应于文献中值的上限（Kulmala等，2004）。如此高的值不能仅靠硫酸来解释。因此，这里可能涉及极低挥发性的有机化合物（ELVOC）。

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