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Quantifying the large-scale electrification equilibrium effects in dust storms using field observations at Qingtu Lake Observatory

机译：利用青土湖天文台的实地观测来量化沙尘暴中的大规模电气化平衡效应

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Dust and sand electrification, which is a ubiquitous phenomenon in dust events, has a potentially dramatic effect on dust and sand lifting and transport processes. However, the effect of such electrification is still largely unclear, mainly due to its complexity and sparse observations. Here, we conducted an extensive observational analysis involving mild and severe dust storms with minimum visibility, ranging from ～0.09 to 0.93?km, to assess the electrical properties of airborne dust particles in dust storms. The space charge density has been estimated indirectly based on Gauss's law. Using the wavelet coherence analysis that is a method for evaluating the correlations between two non-stationary time series in the time–frequency domain, we found that the space charge density and dust concentration were significantly correlated over the 10?min timescales (on the order of the typical integral timescale of atmospheric turbulence). We further presented a simple linear regression (SLR) model to quantify such large timescale correlations and found that there was a significant linear relationship between space charge density and dust concentration at given ambient temperature and relative humidity (RH), suggesting that the estimated mean charge-to-mass ratio of dust particles was expected to remain constant (termed as the equilibrium value μsup?/sup ). In addition, the influences of ambient temperature and RH on μsup?/sup were evaluated by a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, showing that the μsup?/sup is nonlinearly related to environmental factors. The present study provides observational evidence for the environmental-dependent electrification equilibrium effects in dust storms. This finding may reduce challenges in future quantifications of dust electrification, as it is possible to exclude effects, such as the particles' collisional dynamics, on dust electrification.
机译：粉尘和沙尘带电是粉尘事件中普遍存在的现象，对粉尘和沙尘的举升和运输过程具有潜在的巨大影响。但是，这种电气化的效果仍不清楚，这主要是由于其复杂性和稀疏的观测结果。在这里，我们进行了广泛的观测分析，包括可见度范围从〜0.09至0.93？km的轻度和重度沙尘暴，以评估沙尘暴中空气传播的尘埃颗粒的电学特性。空间电荷密度是根据高斯定律间接估算的。使用小波相干分析（一种评估时频域中两个非平稳时间序列之间的相关性的方法），我们发现空间电荷密度和粉尘浓度在10？min的时间尺度上显着相关（按数量级大气湍流的典型积分时间尺度）。我们进一步提出了一个简单的线性回归（SLR）模型来量化如此大的时标相关性，发现在给定的环境温度和相对湿度（RH）下，空间电荷密度与粉尘浓度之间存在显着的线性关系，这表明估算的平均电荷灰尘颗粒的质量比有望保持恒定（称为平衡值μ？）。另外，通过多元线性回归（MLR）模型评估了环境温度和相对湿度对μ？的影响，表明μ？与环境因素非线性相关。 。本研究为沙尘暴中与环境有关的电气化平衡效应提供了观测证据。这一发现可能减少了粉尘带电未来量化的挑战，因为有可能排除粉尘带电的影响，例如颗粒的碰撞动力学。

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