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On the parameterization of turbulent fluxes over the tropical Eastern Pacific

机译：热带东太平洋湍流通量的参数化

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We present estimates of turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum derived fromlow level (~30 m) aircraft measurements over the tropical EasternPacific and provide empirical relationships that are valid under high windspeed conditions (up to 25 ms−1). The estimates of total momentum fluxand turbulent kinetic energy can be represented very accurately(r2=0.99, when data are binned every 1 ms−1) by empirical fitswith a linear and a cubic terms of the average horizontal wind speed. Thelatent heat flux shows a strong quadratic dependence on the horizontal windspeed and a linear relationship with the difference between the air specifichumidity and the saturated specific humidity at the sea surface, explaining96% of the variance. The estimated values were used to evaluate theperformance of three currently used parameterizations of turbulence fluxes,varying in complexity and computational requirements. The comparisons withthe two more complex parameterizations show good agreement between theobserved and parameterized latent heat fluxes, with less agreement in thesensible heat fluxes, and one of them largely overestimating the momentumfluxes. A third, very simple parameterization shows a surprisingly goodagreement of the sensible heat flux, while momentum fluxes are againoverestimated and a poor agreement was observed for the latent heat flux(r2=0.62). The performance of all three parameterizations deterioratessignificantly in the high wind speed regime (above 10–15 ms−1). Thedataset obtained over the tropical Eastern Pacific allows us to deriveempirical functions for the turbulent fluxes that are applicable from 1 to25 ms−1, which can be introduced in meteorological models under highwind conditions.
机译：我们提供了热带东太平洋低空（〜30 m）飞机测量得出的湍流和动量的湍流估计值，并提供了在高风速条件下（最长25 ms -1 ）有效的经验关系。当每1 ms −1 合并数据时，可以非常精确地表示总动量通量和湍动能的估计值（ r 2 = 0.99 ）通过经验拟合与平均水平风速的线性和三次项。潜热通量对水平风速表现出很强的二次依赖性，并且与海表面的空气比湿度和饱和比湿度之间的差呈线性关系，解释了96％的方差。估计值用于评估当前使用的三种湍流参数化的性能，其复杂性和计算要求各不相同。与两个更复杂的参数化的比较表明，观察到的和参数化的潜热通量之间具有良好的一致性，而在感性热通量中一致性较低，其中之一在很大程度上高估了动量通量。第三个非常简单的参数化显示出令人惊讶的显着热通量一致性，而动量通量又被高估了，并且潜热通量（ r 2 = 0.62）。在高风速条件下（10-15 ms -1 以上），所有这三个参数化的性能均显着下降。在热带东太平洋获得的数据集使我们能够导出适用于1至25 ms -1 的湍流通量的经验函数，可以将其引入强风条件下的气象模型中。

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