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On the link between cold fronts and hail in Switzerland

机译：瑞士的冷锋与冰雹之间的联系

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Hail is the costliest atmospheric hazard in Switzerland, causing substantial damage to agriculture, cars and buildings every year. In this study, a 12‐year statistic of objectively identified cold fronts and a radar‐based hail statistic are combined to investigate the co‐occurrence of cold fronts and hail in Switzerland. In a first step, an automated front identification scheme, which has previously been designed for and applied to global reanalysis data, is modified for a high‐resolution regional analysis data set. This front detection method is then adapted, tested and applied to the Consortium for Small Scale Modelling ( COSMO ) analysis data for the extended hail season (May to September) in the years 2002–2013. The resulting cold front statistic is presented and discussed. In a second step, the frequency of cold fronts is linked to a high‐resolution radar‐based hail statistic to determine the relative fraction of hail initiation events in pre‐frontal environments. Up to 45% of all detected hail events in north‐eastern and southern Switzerland form in pre‐frontal zones. Similar fractions are identified upstream of the Jura and the Black Forest mountains. The percentage of front‐related hail formation is highest in regions where hail is statistically less frequent, with the exception of southern Switzerland. Furthermore, it is shown that fronts create wind‐sheared environments, which are favourable for hail cells.
机译：冰雹是瑞士最昂贵的大气危害，每年对农业，汽车和建筑物造成重大破坏。在这项研究中，结合了客观识别的冷锋的12年统计数据和基于雷达的冰雹统计数据，以调查瑞士冷锋和冰雹的同时发生。第一步，针对高分辨率的区域分析数据集，修改了以前针对自动重新识别数据设计并应用于全局重新分析数据的自动正面识别方案。然后，将这种前端检测方法进行调整，测试并应用于2002-2013年冰雹期延长（5月至9月）的小规模模型联盟（COSMO）分析数据。呈现并讨论了所得的冷锋统计量。第二步，将冷锋的频率与高分辨率的基于雷达的冰雹统计联系起来，以确定前额环境中冰雹引发事件的相对比例。在瑞士东北部和南部发现的冰雹事件中，多达45％形成在前额叶地区。在汝拉山脉和黑森林山脉的上游也发现了类似的部分。除瑞士南部外，在与前锋有关的冰雹形成百分比中，冰雹发生频率在统计上较不频繁的地区最高。此外，结果表明，前部会产生风切变的环境，这对冰雹牢房是有利的。

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