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Atmospheric NH3 dynamics at a typical pig farm in China and their implications

机译：中国典型养猪场的大气氨氮动态及其影响

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id="p455">This study investigated NH3 concentrations in and around a large–scale commercial pig farm with the so–called “gan qing fen” manure collection system near Beijing from April 2009 to August 2011. NH3 emissions from the fattening pig houses were calculated based on the heat balance method. Monthly concentrations of time–averaged NH3 in and near the pig house averaged 3 392 and 182 μg m−3 and ranged from 1 044 to 7 514 μg m−3 and 35.4 to 478 μg m−3, respectively. Daily NH3 concentrations varied from 767 to 2 389 μg m−3 in the pig house and 184 to 574 μg m−3 outside. Time–averaged NH3 concentrations varied from 21.6 to 558 μg m−3 within the farm while concentrations outside the farm ranged from 38.4 μg m−3 at a distance of 10 m to 14.0 μg m−3 at a distance of 650 m. Calculated average NH3 emission rates per pig were highest in summer and lowest in winter, 8.0 ± 5.5 (average±standard deviation) and 2.0 ± 0.4 g day−1 pig−1, respectively. Average NH3 emission rates (normalized to 500 kg live weight, expressed as AU) were highest during spring and summer (average 65.4 ± 25.0 and 53.7 ± 35.6 g day−1 AU−1) and lowest in autumn and winter (average 25.4 ± 9.3 and 13.7 ± 2.7 g day−1 AU−1). Average NH3 emission per area (m2) from house was almost three times higher in summer (average 3.5 ± 2.4 g day−1 m−2) than in winter (average 1.1 ± 0.3 g day−1 m−2).
机译：id =“ p455”> 该研究调查了在北京附近使用所谓的“甘青粉”粪便收集系统的大型商业养猪场及其周围的NH 3 浓度从2009年4月至2011年8月，基于热平衡法计算了育肥猪舍的NH 3 排放。猪舍内和附近的时间平均NH 3 每月平均浓度为3392和182μgm -3 ，范围为1044至7514μgm −3 和35.4至478μgm −3 。猪舍中的每日NH 3 浓度在767至2389μgm −3 之间，室外则为184至574μgm -3 。场内的时间平均NH 3 浓度从21.6到558μgm -3 ，而场外的浓度范围为38.4μgm -3 距离为650 m时距离在10 m至14.0μgm −3 之间。计算得出的每头猪平均NH 3 排放率在夏季最高，在冬季最低，分别为8.0±5.5（平均值±标准偏差）和2.0±0.4 g日 -1 猪< sup> -1 。春季和夏季的平均NH 3 排放率（标准化为500公斤活重，表示为AU）最高（平均65.4±25.0和53.7±35.6 g日 -1 AU −1 ），在秋冬季节最低（平均25.4±9.3和13.7±2.7 g day -1 AU -1 ）。夏季房屋平均每面积NH 3 排放量（m 2 ）几乎高出三倍（平均3.5±2.4 g天 -1 m −2 ）比冬季（平均1.1±0.3 g日 -1 m -2 ）。

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