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首页> 外文期刊>Australian Journal of Crop Science >Nutritional diversity in spring wheat with chronological perspective and its association with grain yield
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Nutritional diversity in spring wheat with chronological perspective and its association with grain yield

机译：时间顺序的春小麦营养多样性及其与籽粒产量的关系

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The population of world is accelerating fast with increased number of malnourished people having deficiency of micronutrients, particularly in developing countries. Mineral malnutrition is considered to be the most serious among the global challenges for humans. Biofortification of wheat grain through genetics is a powerful methodology for altering the balance of nutrients in the human food on a large scale. In this study, concentration of mineral nutrients, protein and grain yield were studied to find out potential source of minerals in historical and present spring wheat varieties of Pakistan with the objective to strengthen the hybridization programme and to develop high nutritive wheat. Fifty eight genotypes were sown according to randomized complete block design with three replications. Total nitrogen in wheat grain samples was determined by the Kjeldahl method and grain nitrogen value in percentage was multiplied by 6.25 to get grain protein concentration. Potassium was measured with the help of Jenway Flame Photometer and phosphorus was determined colorimetrically using spectrophotometer. Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+ were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A wide range of diversity was observed among the studied varieties for grain yield, protein and seven mineral in wheat grain. The grain yield was increased and nitrogen concentration in the endosperm diluted over time of green revolution. While mineral concentration of Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, NO -3 and protein was significantly low in present local varieties as compared to the mean of pre-green revolution local varieties. Fe2+ concentration was significantly increased in present local varieties than the local varieties of green revolution period. The mean of grain yield, Zn2+, Mn2+ and H -2 PO4 concentration of present International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) varieties (GA-2002, Seher-2006, Chakwal-50 and FSD- 2008) were significantly increased (33.8%, 22.8%, 60% and 30.8 %, respectively) than CIMMYT varieties of green revolution era (Mexipak-65, Blue Silver, Arz, Sandal, Lyallpur-73, Pari-73, Pothowar-73, Noori, Pavon, WL-711 and Bahawalpur-79). The present (local & CIMMYT) varieties have a significant edge for yield, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, H - +2 PO4 and K over varieties of all other groups. Grain yield had positive and significant phenotypic correlation with Mn2+, H PO -2 4 and K + (0.247, 0.364 and 0.140, respectively). Nitrogen had negative genotypic/ phenotypic correlations with the minerals (Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, H - +2 PO4 and K ) and the yield. Therefore, variation of mineral concentration and grain yield present in studied genotypes can be utilized to develop high yielding wheat varieties without affecting the nutritional quality of grain.
机译：营养不良的微量营养素缺乏者的人数在增加，世界人口正在迅速增长，特别是在发展中国家。矿物质营养不良被认为是人类面临的全球挑战中最严重的问题。通过遗传学对小麦籽粒进行生物强化是一种大规模改变人类食物中营养平衡的有效方法。在这项研究中，研究了矿质养分，蛋白质和谷物的含量，以寻找巴基斯坦历史和现在的春小麦品种中潜在的矿物质来源，目的是加强杂交程序并开发高营养小麦。根据随机完整区组设计播种了58种基因型，重复了3次。用凯氏定氮法（Kjeldahl method）测定小麦籽粒样品中的总氮，将籽粒氮含量的百分数乘以6.25，得出籽粒蛋白质浓度。借助Jenway火焰光度计测量钾，并使用分光光度计比色测定磷。使用原子吸收分光光度计测定Zn2 +，Fe2 +，Cu2 +和Mn2 +。在所研究的品种中，小麦籽粒的产量，蛋白质和七个矿物质的多样性差异很大。随着绿色旋转，籽粒产量增加，胚乳中的氮浓度降低。与绿色革命前当地品种的平均值相比，目前当地品种的Zn2 +，Fe2 +，Cu2 +，NO -3和蛋白质的矿物质浓度明显较低。与绿色革命时期的本地品种相比，目前本地品种的Fe2 +浓度显着增加。目前国际玉米和小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）品种（GA-2002，Seher-2006，Chakwal-50和FSD-2008）的谷物平均产量，Zn2 +，Mn2 +和H -2 PO4浓度均显着提高（33.8％）。分别比绿色革命时代的CIMMYT品种（Mexipak-65，Blue Silver，Arz，Sandal，Lyallpur-73，Pari-73，Pothowar-73，Noori，Pavon和WL-711分别高22.8％，60％和30.8％）。和Bahawalpur-79）。目前（本地和CIMMYT）品种比其他所有品种的产量，Zn2 +，Fe2 +，Mn2 +，H-+2 PO4和K都有显着优势。籽粒产量与Mn 2+，H PO -2 4和K +具有正和显着的表型相关性（分别为0.247、0.364和0.140）。氮与矿物质（Zn2 +，Fe2 +，Mn2 +，H-+2 PO4和K）的基因型/表型呈负相关。因此，研究基因型中存在的矿物质浓度和籽粒产量的变化可用于开发高产小麦品种，而不会影响谷物的营养品质。

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