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首页> 外文期刊>Australian Journal of Crop Science >Ecogeography, genetic diversity, and breeding value of wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides K?rn ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell.
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Ecogeography, genetic diversity, and breeding value of wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides K?rn ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell.

机译：野生地理小麦的生态地理学，遗传多样性和育种价值（Triticum dicoccoides K？rn ex Asch。＆Graebn。）。

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Wild emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides K?rn ex Asch. & Graebn.) Thell. is the allotetraploid (2n=4x=28; genome BBAA) progenitor of cultivated wheat. It is fully compatible with the tetraploid (BBAA) durum wheat (Triticum durum), and can be crossed with the hexaploid (2n=6x=42; BBAADD) wheat (Triticum aestivum). In the Fertile Crescent, the centre of origin and centre of diversity of wild emmer wheat, the wild progenitor exhibits a wide phenotypic and genotypic variation and displays a rich adaptive genetic diversity which is ecologically and genetically structured as an “archipelago.” The fertile hybrids between wild emmer wheat and domesticated durum wheat point to the early, and probably current, extensive gene flow that must have enriched the genetic structure of both subspecies in the Fertile Crescent. Specific alleles and allele combinations predominate, at the macro- and microgeographic scales, as co-adaptive blocks of genes adapted to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Wild emmer wheat is recognized as a source of genes for agronomically important traits. These include genes for large spike and grain size, high grain and protein yield, desirable composition of storage proteins, photosynthetic yield, herbicide response, salt tolerance, drought tolerance, disease (leaf rust, stripe rust, powdery mildew, and soil-born mosaic virus) resistance, profuse tillering, and genes for other quantitative traits. For millennia, the vast genetic diversity in wild emmer wheat must have contributed to the spatially and temporally sustainable wheat production as a major component of dynamic cropping systems in the Fertile Crescent. With the advent of, and easy access to, molecular genetics and breeding tools, wild emmer wheat is expected to contribute the full range of its diversity in quantitative and qualitative traits for a more globally sustainable wheat production. It is expected that the current and future detailed records of phenotypes and genotypes and their spatio-temporal variation patterns in the Fertile Crescent will form an integral part of a relational database that can serve future strategies for in situ conservation, collection, evaluation, and utilization by wheat geneticists and breeders.
机译：野生Emmer小麦（Triticum dicoccoides K？rn ex Asch。＆Graebn。）。是栽培小麦的异源四倍体（2n = 4x = 28;基因组BBAA）祖细胞。它与四倍体（BBAA）硬质小麦（Triticum durum）完全兼容，并且可以与六倍体（2n = 6x = 42; BBAADD）小麦（Triticum aestivum）杂交。在野生新麦的起源中心和多样性中心的肥沃新月中，野生祖先表现出宽泛的表型和基因型变异，并显示出丰富的适应性遗传多样性，在生态和基因结构上均被称为“ archipelago”。野生Emmer小麦和驯化的硬质小麦之间的可育杂种指向早期（可能是当前的）广泛的基因流，必须丰富了Fertile Crescent的两个亚种的遗传结构。在宏观和微观地理尺度上，特定的等位基因和等位基因组合占主导地位，是适应多种生物和非生物胁迫的基因的共适应块。野生Emmer小麦被认为是重要农艺性状的基因来源。这些基因包括大穗和大晶粒，高谷粒和蛋白质产量，理想的贮藏蛋白组成，光合产量，除草剂响应，耐盐性，耐旱性，疾病（叶锈病，条锈病，白粉病和土生花叶病）的基因。病毒）抗性，大量分till和其他数量性状的基因。几千年来，野生Emmer小麦的巨大遗传多样性必定为肥沃新月形动态种植系统的主要组成部分，在空间和时间上都可持续地促进了小麦的生产。随着分子遗传学和育种工具的出现并易于使用，预计野生Emmer小麦将在数量和质量方面为其多样化的多样性做出贡献，以实现全球更具可持续性的小麦生产。预计当前和将来详细的表型和基因型及其在时空新月形中的时空变化模式的详细记录将构成关系数据库的组成部分，该关系数据库可以为将来的就地保护，收集，评估和利用策略提供服务由小麦遗传学家和育种家。

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