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UV Irradiance Enhancements by Scattering of Solar Radiation from Clouds

机译：通过散射来自太阳云的太阳辐射来增强紫外线辐射

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Scattering of solar radiation by clouds can reduce or enhance solar global irradiance compared to cloudless-sky irradiance at the Earth’s surface. Cloud effects to global irradiance can be described by Cloud Modification Factors (CMF). Depending on strength and duration, irradiance enhancements affect the energy balance of the surface and gain of solar power for electric energy generation. In the ultraviolet region, they increase the risk for damage to living organisms. Wavelength-dependent CMFs have been shown to reach 1.5 even in the UV-B region at low altitudes. Ground-based solar radiation measurements in the high Andes region at altitudes up to 5917 m a.s.l showed cloud-induced irradiance enhancements. While UV-A enhancements were explained by cloud scattering, both radiation scattering from clouds and Negative Ozone Anomalies (NOA) have been discussed to have caused short-time enhancement of UV-B irradiance. Based on scenarios using published CMF and additional spectroradiometric measurements at a low-altitude site, the contribution of cloud scattering to the UV-B irradiance enhancement in the Andes region has been estimated. The range of UV index estimates converted from measured UV-B and UV-A irradiance and modeled cloudless-sky ratios UV-B/erythemal UV is compatible with an earlier estimate of an extreme UV index value of 43 derived for the high Andes.
机译：与地球表面的无云天空辐照相比，云对太阳辐射的散射可以减少或增强太阳的整体辐照度。云对全球辐照度的影响可以通过云修正因子（CMF）来描述。取决于强度和持续时间，辐照度的增强会影响表面的能量平衡以及产生电能的太阳能的获取。在紫外线区域，它们增加了损害活生物体的风险。已经证明，即使在低海拔的UV-B区域，依赖于波长的CMF也会达到1.5。在高达5917 m a.s.l的高安第斯山脉地区的地面太阳辐射测量结果表明，云引起的辐照度增强。尽管通过云散射解释了UV-A的增强，但是已经讨论了来自云的辐射散射和负臭氧异常（NOA）都导致UV-B辐照度的短时增强。基于使用已发布的CMF的情景以及在低海拔站点进行的其他光谱辐射测量，可以估算出云散布对安第斯山脉地区UV-B辐照度增强的贡献。从测量的UV-B和UV-A辐照度以及建模的无云天空比率UV-B /红斑紫外线转换而来的UV指数估算值的范围与先前对高安第斯山脉得出的极端UV指数值43的估算值兼容。

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