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首页> 外文期刊>Avian Conservation and Ecology >Sea Surface Temperatures Mediated by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation Affect Birds Breeding in Temperate Coastal Rain Forests
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Sea Surface Temperatures Mediated by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation Affect Birds Breeding in Temperate Coastal Rain Forests

机译：厄尔尼诺-南方涛动介导的海面温度影响温带沿海雨林的鸟类繁殖

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We studied the timing of breeding and juvenile/adult ratios among songbirds in temperate rain forests over four years on the Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands) archipelago, British Columbia. In May 1998, air temperatures in Haida Gwaii were above average, whereas in 1999 they were the lowest in 20 yr: temperatures in the other two years were closer to normal, although 2001 was almost as cold as 1999. Temperatures closely followed the patterns of sea surface temperatures created by the 1997–1998 El Ni?o, i.e., warm, event and the subsequent strong La Ni?a, i.e., cool, event. Timing of breeding, as measured by the first capture of juveniles or by direct observations of hatching, varied by approximately 19 d between the earliest (1998) and latest (1999) years. In 1998, the proportion of juveniles among birds trapped increased steeply as soon as young birds began to appear. In other years, the rate of increase was slower. In 1999, the peak proportions of hatching-year individuals among the foliage-gleaning insectivores, i.e., the Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata), Townsend’s Warbler (Dendroica townsendi), and the Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa), were lower than in other years, with almost no young Orange-crowned Warblers captured at all. The pattern of variation in the timing of breeding and in the proportion of hatching-year individuals trapped fitted the temperature data well, although rainfall may also have contributed. We concluded that changes mediated by El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in sea surface temperatures off northern British Columbia, through their effects on air temperatures, had a strong effect on the breeding of forest birds, to the point of causing nearly complete reproductive failure for one species in 1999. An intensification of the ENSO cycle could lead to more erratic reproduction for some species.
机译：我们研究了不列颠哥伦比亚省海达瓜（夏洛特皇后群岛）群岛四年内温带雨林中鸣禽的繁殖时间以及幼鸟/成年鸟的比率。 1998年5月，海达瓜的气温高于平均水平，而1999年则是20年来最低的：其他两年的温度都接近正常水平，尽管2001年的气温几乎与1999年一样。 1997-1998年厄尔尼诺现象（即温暖事件）和随后的强La Ni？a（即凉爽事件）造成的海面温度。根据幼体的第一次捕获或直接观察到的孵化来衡量的繁殖时间，在最早的年份（1998年）和最晚的年份（1999年）之间相差约19 d。 1998年，幼鸟开始出现后，幼鸟在被困鸟中的比例急剧增加。在其他年份，增长率较慢。在1999年，在有叶子的食虫动物中，孵化年个体的高峰比例较低，即橙冠鸣鸟（Vermivora celata），汤森德莺（Dendroica townsendi）和金冠金翅雀（Regulus satrapa）。与往年相比，几乎没有捕获到任何年轻的橘顶冠莺。尽管降雨也可能是造成这种情况的原因，但繁殖时间和被孵化年个体所占比例的变化模式很好地拟合了温度数据。我们得出的结论是，厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）介导的不列颠哥伦比亚省北部海面温度变化，通过对气温的影响，对森林鸟类的繁殖产生了强烈影响，甚至导致几乎完全1999年一个物种的繁殖失败。ENSO周期的加剧可能导致某些物种的繁殖更加不稳定。

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