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Influence of Raindrop Size Distribution on Throughfall Dynamics under Pine and Birch Trees at the Rainfall Event Level

机译：降雨事件水平下雨滴大小分布对松树和桦树下穿透力的影响

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摘要

Part of precipitation is intercepted by forest canopies, while the rest reaches the ground as throughfall or stemflow. This process is influenced by various meteorological variables, of which we have mainly focused on drop diameter and velocity. Rainfall in the open and throughfall under birch and pine trees have both been measured since 2014 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The results demonstrate that the total throughfall during 3.5 years was 73% and 53% of rainfall under birch and pine trees, respectively. During the 236 analysed events, the median volume diameter was 1.8 mm (???±1.7 mm), and kinetic energy between 0.01 mJ/cm 2 and 23.3 mJ/cm 2 was recorded. We closely analysed the effect of rainfall microstructure on throughfall under pine and birch trees during three specific rainfall events. The increase in drop diameter and fall velocity during a rainfall event instantaneously increased throughfall under pine trees between 25% and 47%, whereas no such changes were observed under birch trees. This may be the consequence of different tree properties of the two species. Additionally, in the case of a saturated canopy, throughfall under pine trees exceeded rainfall in the open after an onset of larger and faster drops.
机译：降雨的一部分被林冠层拦截，其余的则作为穿透或茎流到达地面。这个过程受到各种气象变量的影响，我们主要集中在液滴直径和速度上。自2014年以来，斯洛文尼亚的卢布尔雅那已测量了桦树和松树下的开阔降雨和穿透降雨。结果表明，在3.5年中，桦树和松树下的降雨总量分别为降雨的73％和53％。在236次分析事件中，中位体积直径为1.8mm（±1.7mm），并记录了0.01mJ / cm 2至23.3mJ / cm 2之间的动能。我们仔细分析了三种特定降雨事件期间降雨微观结构对松树和桦树下穿透的影响。在降雨事件中，水滴直径和下降速度的增加瞬间使松树下的穿透量增加了25％到47％，而白桦树下没有观察到这种变化。这可能是两个物种的树木特性不同的结果。另外，在树冠饱和的情况下，松树下的穿透力在更大和更快的下降开始后超过了露天的降雨量。

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