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Seasonal Trends of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in the Megacity of S?o Paulo

机译：圣保罗特大城市中甲醛和乙醛的季节性趋势

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The Metropolitan Area of S?o Paulo (MASP) is the largest megacity in South America, with 21 million inhabitants and more than 8 million vehicles. Those vehicles run on a complex fuel mix, with ethanol accounting for nearly 50% of all fuel sold. That has made the MASP a unique case study to assess the impact of biofuel use on air quality. Currently, the greatest challenge in terms of improving air quality is controlling the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone, which represents the main air pollution problem in the MASP. We evaluated the temporal trends in the concentrations of ozone, its precursors (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and NO 2 ), CO, and NO, from 2012 to 2016. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations were frequently higher in winter than in other seasons, showing the importance of meteorological conditions to the distribution of atmospheric pollutants in the MASP. We found no clear evidence that the recent growth in ethanol consumption in Brazil has affected acetaldehyde concentrations, which are associated with emissions from ethanol combustion. In fact, the formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio remained relatively constant over the period studied, despite the change in the fuel consumption profile in the MASP.
机译：圣保罗大都市区（MASP）是南美最大的特大城市，有2100万居民和800万辆汽车。这些车辆使用复杂的混合燃料，乙醇占所有出售燃料的近50％。这使得MASP成为评估生物燃料使用对空气质量影响的独特案例研究。当前，在改善空气质量方面的最大挑战是控制诸如臭氧的二次污染物的形成，这是MASP中主要的空气污染问题。我们评估了2012年至2016年臭氧，其前驱物（甲醛，乙醛和NO 2），CO和NO的时间变化趋势。冬季甲醛和乙醛的浓度经常高于其他季节，这显示出重要性气象条件对MASP中大气污染物分布的影响。我们没有明确的证据表明巴西最近乙醇消费量的增长已经影响了乙醛浓度，乙醛浓度与乙醇燃烧产生的排放有关。实际上，尽管MASP中的燃料消耗量有所变化，但甲醛/乙醛比在研究期间仍保持相对恒定。

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