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Water Tank Experiments on Stratified Flow over Double Mountain-Shaped Obstacles at High-Reynolds Number

机译：高雷诺数双层山形障碍物分层流动的水箱实验

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In this article, we present an overview of the HyIV-CNRS-SecORo (Hydralab IV-CNRS-Secondary Orography and Rotors Experiments) laboratory experiments carried out in the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques) large stratified water flume. The experiments were designed to systematically study the influence of double obstacles on stably stratified flow. The experimental set-up consists of a two-layer flow in the water tank, with a lower neutral and an upper stable layer separated by a sharp density discontinuity. This type of layering over terrain is known to be conducive to a variety of possible responses in the atmosphere, from hydraulic jumps to lee waves and highly turbulent rotors. In each experiment, obstacles were towed through the tank at a constant speed. The towing speed and the size of the tank allowed high Reynolds-number flow similar to the atmosphere. Here, we present the experimental design, together with an overview of laboratory experiments conducted and their results. We develop a regime diagram for flow over single and double obstacles and examine the parameter space where the secondary obstacle has the largest influence on the flow. Trapped lee waves, rotors, hydraulic jumps, lee-wave interference and flushing of the valley atmosphere are successfully reproduced in the stratified water tank. Obstacle height and ridge separation distance are shown to control lee-wave interference. Results, however, differ partially from previous findings on the flow over double ridges reported in the literature due to the presence of nonlinearities and possible differences in the boundary layer structure. The secondary obstacle also influences the transition between different flow regimes and makes trapped lee waves possible for higher Froude numbers than expected for an isolated obstacle.
机译：在本文中，我们概述了在CNRM（国家化学研究中心）大型分层水槽中进行的HyIV-CNRS-SecORo（Hydralab IV-CNRS-二次地形学和转子实验）实验室实验。实验旨在系统地研究双重障碍物对稳定分层流的影响。实验装置由水箱中的两层流组成，下部中性线和上部稳定层由尖锐的密度间断分隔开。众所周知，这种在地形上的分层有利于大气中各种可能的响应，从水力跃迁到背风和高度湍流的转子。在每个实验中，障碍物以恒定速度拖曳穿过水箱。拖曳速度和水箱的大小使雷诺数较高的气流类似于大气。在这里，我们介绍实验设计，以及进行的实验室实验及其结果的概述。我们为单障碍物和双障碍物开发了流态图，并检查了次要障碍物对流影响最大的参数空间。在分层水箱中成功再现了被困的背风，转子，水力跳跃，背风干扰和谷底大气冲洗。示出了障碍物高度和脊分离距离以控制背风波干扰。然而，由于存在非线性和边界层结构的可能差异，结果与文献中报道的双脊上流动的先前发现有所不同。次要障碍物还会影响不同流态之间的过渡，并使富勒德数高于孤立障碍物所预期的被困风。

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