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首页> 外文期刊>Implementation Science >Methods for designing interventions to change healthcare professionals’ behaviour: a systematic review
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Methods for designing interventions to change healthcare professionals’ behaviour: a systematic review

机译：设计干预措施以改变医护人员行为的方法：系统回顾

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BackgroundSystematic reviews consistently indicate that interventions to change healthcare professional (HCP) behaviour are haphazardly designed and poorly specified. Clarity about methods for designing and specifying interventions is needed. The objective of this review was to identify published methods for designing interventions to change HCP behaviour. MethodsA search of MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO was conducted from 1996 to April 2015. Using inclusion/exclusion criteria, a broad screen of abstracts by one rater was followed by a strict screen of full text for all potentially relevant papers by three raters. An inductive approach was first applied to the included studies to identify commonalities and differences between the descriptions of methods across the papers. Based on this process and knowledge of related literatures, we developed a data extraction framework that included, e.g. level of change (e.g. individual versus organization); context of development; a brief description of the method; tasks included in the method (e.g. barrier identification, component selection, use of theory). Results3966 titles and abstracts and 64 full-text papers were screened to yield 15 papers included in the review, each outlining one design method. All of the papers reported methods developed within a specific context. Thirteen papers included barrier identification and 13 included linking barriers to intervention components; although not the same 13 papers. Thirteen papers targeted individual HCPs with only one paper targeting change across individual, organization, and system levels. The use of theory and user engagement were included in 13/15 and 13/15 papers, respectively. ConclusionsThere is an agreement across methods of four tasks that need to be completed when designing individual-level interventions: identifying barriers, selecting intervention components, using theory, and engaging end-users. Methods also consist of further additional tasks. Examples of methods for designing the organisation and system-level interventions were limited. Further analysis of design tasks could facilitate the development of detailed guidelines for designing interventions.
机译：背景系统评价一致表明，改变医疗保健专业人员（HCP）行为的干预措施是随意设计的，且指定不明确。需要明确设计和指定干预措施的方法。这次审查的目的是确定用于设计干预措施以改变HCP行为的已发布方法。方法对1996年至2015年4月进行的MEDLINE，Embase和PsycINFO进行搜索。使用纳入/排除标准，由一位评分者对摘要进行广泛筛选，随后由三位评分者对所有潜在相关论文进行严格的全文筛选。首先将归纳法应用于所包括的研究，以识别各篇论文的方法描述之间的共性和差异。基于此过程和相关文献知识，我们开发了一个数据提取框架，其中包括例如变更级别（例如个人与组织）;发展背景;该方法的简要说明;方法中包含的任务（例如，障碍识别，组件选择，理论运用）。结果筛选了3966篇标题和摘要，以及64篇全文论文，收录了15篇论文，每篇都概述了一种设计方法。所有论文都报告了在特定背景下开发的方法。十三篇论文包括障碍识别，十三篇论文将障碍与干预要素联系起来;虽然不一样的13篇论文。针对个人HCP的论文有13篇，而针对个人，组织和系统级别的变更的论文只有一篇。理论的使用和用户参与分别包含在13/15和13/15的论文中。结论设计个人级别的干预措施时，需要完成四个任务的方法之间的共识：确定障碍，选择干预措施的组成部分，运用理论以及吸引最终用户。方法还包括其他任务。设计组织和系统级干预措施的方法实例有限。对设计任务的进一步分析可能有助于制定设计干预措施的详细指南。

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