Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a powerful model for sequential data. RNNs that use long short-term memory (LSTM) cells have proven effective in handwriting recognition, language modeling, speech recognition, and language comprehension tasks. In this study, we propose LSTM conditional random fields (LSTM-CRF); it is an LSTM-based RNN model that uses output-label dependencies with transition features and a CRF-like sequence-level objective function. We also propose variations to the LSTM-CRF model using a gate recurrent unit (GRU) and structurally constrained recurrent network (SCRN). Empirical results reveal that our proposed models attain state-of-the-art performance for named entity recognition.
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