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首页> 外文期刊>Indian journal of public health. >Targeting rubella for elimination
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Targeting rubella for elimination

机译：针对风疹进行消灭

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Rubella is an acute, usually mild viral disease. However, when rubella infection occurs just before conception or during the first 8-10 weeks of gestation, it causes multiple fetal defects in up to 90% of cases, known as Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). It may result in fetal wastage, stillbirths and sensorineural hearing deficit up to 20 weeks of gestation. Rubella vaccine (RA 27/3) is highly effective and has resulted in elimination of rubella and CRS from the western hemisphere and several European countries. Review of several studies documents the duration of protection over 10-21 years following one dose of RA27/3 vaccination, and persistent seropositivity in over 95% cases. Studies in India show seronegativity to rubella among adolescent girls to vary from 10% to 36%. Although due to early age of infection resulting in protection in the reproductive age group, incidence of rubella in India is not very high. However, due to severity of CRS coupled with introduction of RCV in private sector and in some of the states which is likely to lead to sub-optimal coverage and resulting higher risk of rubella during pregnancy in the coming decades, it is imperative to adopt the goal of rubella elimination. As in order to control measles, the country has adopted strategy of delivering second dose of measles through measles campaigns covering children 9 months to 10 years of age in 14 states, it is recommended to synergize efforts for elimination of rubella with these campaigns by replacing measles vaccine by MR or MMR vaccine. Other states which are to give second dose of measles through routine immunization will also have to adopt campaign mode in order to eliminate rubella from the country over 10-20 years. Subsequently, measles vaccine can be replaced by MR or MMR vaccine in the national schedule.
机译：风疹是一种急性的，通常是轻度的病毒性疾病。但是，当风疹感染在受孕前或妊娠的前8-10周内发生时，它会在多达90％的病例中引起多个胎儿缺陷，称为先天性风疹综合症（CRS）。在长达20周的妊娠期中，可能会导致胎儿浪费，死产和感觉神经性听力缺陷。风疹疫苗（RA 27/3）非常有效，已导致西半球和一些欧洲国家消除了风疹和CRS。几项研究的综述表明，一剂RA27 / 3疫苗接种后的保护期为10-21年，超过95％的病例持续存在血清阳性。印度的研究表明，青春期女孩的风疹血清阴性反应率从10％到36％不等。尽管由于感染的早期年龄导致在生殖年龄组受到保护，但印度的风疹发病率不是很高。但是，由于CRS的严重性，加上在私营部门和某些州引入RCV，这可能会导致覆盖范围欠佳，并在未来几十年内导致怀孕期间风疹的风险更高，因此必须采用这种方法。消除风疹的目标。为了控制麻疹，该国采取了通过在14个州覆盖9个月至10岁儿童的麻疹运动来分发第二剂麻疹的战略，建议通过更换麻疹与这些运动协同努力消除风疹MR或MMR疫苗。其他将通过常规免疫接种第二剂麻疹的州也将不得不采取运动模式，以在10-20年内从该国消灭风疹。随后，在国家时间表中，麻疹疫苗可用MR或MMR疫苗代替。

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