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Female Traders and Time Management: A Case of Traders at the Makola Market, Ghana

机译：女性商人和时间管理：加纳马科拉市场商人的案例

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This study was conducted to gain insight into how traders perceive and actually manage time. Data was collected from 200 traders using a structured interview guide. Data was hand coded and analyzed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (S.P.S.S. Version 18), and presented in form of frequency and percentage distribution tables and graphs. The study revealed 74% of the study sample had varied understanding of the concept of time management. While 50% felt time management was the sensible use of time, 3% indicated it was having proper control of one’s life. Since 59% of respondents spent more than 10 hours at the workplace, to effectively perform their dual role (productive and reproductive roles), most of these traders delegated responsibilities to ensure they had ample time for trading. All respondents’ indicated time management was beneficial. Eighty (80%) felt it helped increase job performance while 25% explained that it made individuals disciplined. Generally 86% of the study sample exhibited a polychronic attitude towards time management. Procrastination was the main obstacle hindering effective time management by the study sample. The major strategy adopted by respondents to effectively manage time was delegation of responsibility. In conclusion, time is a very important resource so traders need to adopt good time management practices to ensure effective management of their businesses. In view of the findings of the study, it is recommended that training be organized for traders to refresh their memory on effective time management. Relevant stakeholders including the mass media could also be used to achieve this aim. Since the school was identified as the main source of information about time management, their curricula could be further enriched to ensure people turn out as better time mangers.
机译：进行这项研究是为了深入了解交易者如何感知和实际管理时间。使用结构化面试指南从200个交易商收集数据。使用社会科学统计软件包（S.P.S.S.版本18）手工编码和分析数据，并以频率和百分比分布表和图表的形式呈现。该研究表明74％的研究样本对时间管理的概念有不同的理解。 50％的人认为时间管理是合理的时间使用方式，而3％的人表示时间控制可以适当地控制自己的生活。由于59％的受访者在工作场所花费了超过10个小时来有效地履行其双重角色（生产和生殖角色），因此大多数交易者将职责下放，以确保他们有足够的交易时间。所有受访者均表示时间安排有益。八十（80％）认为这有助于提高工作绩效，而25％的人则表示这使个人受到纪律处分。通常，有86％的研究样本对时间管理表现出多时态态度。拖延是阻碍研究样本有效管理时间的主要障碍。受访者采取的有效管理时间的主要策略是责任下放。总之，时间是非常重要的资源，因此交易者需要采用良好的时间管理实践以确保对其业务的有效管理。鉴于研究的结果，建议为交易者组织培训，以刷新他们对有效时间管理的记忆。包括大众媒体在内的有关利益攸关方也可用于实现这一目标。由于学校被确定为有关时间管理的主要信息来源，因此他们的课程可以进一步丰富，以确保人们成为更好的时间管理者。

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