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首页> 外文期刊>International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences >God and the Problem of Order: The Role of Perfect Information and Absolute Power in Economics, Religion and Law
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God and the Problem of Order: The Role of Perfect Information and Absolute Power in Economics, Religion and Law

机译：上帝与秩序问题：完美信息和绝对权力在经济学，宗教和法律中的作用

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摘要

The “problem of order” is resolved idyllically in Arrow-Debreu general-equilibrium models through the assumption of perfect information, where each actor is god-like, omniscient, and where this omniscience results in the veracity of the first theorem of welfare economics, where an equilibrium is Pareto efficient, where no actor, given her original endowments of alienable and inalienable capital, can improve her position. Analogously, in many religions, God is understood to be omniscient; order emerges through God's ability to sanction malfeasance costlessly. Ideally, a comparable order would likewise be the consequence of the assumption in both economics and religion of an omnipotent principal. In both economics and religion, equilibria serve as idealized, transcendent, critical standards. In the real, immanent, world, where information is imperfect and no power is absolute, the institutionalization of law is necessary to maintain order. Religion has bequeathed to the legal order moral principles that may legitimate the law and make it binding, while economics, as a theory of incentives in the immanent world, models the imposition of legal sanctions, which penalize actors who approach and violate the law strategically. The law is an institutional order, where both constitutive norms and legal rules are legitimated through “religious” values and supported by “economic,” situational sanctions.
机译：通过完美信息的假设，Arrow-Debreu一般均衡模型中的“秩序问题”得到了理想的解决，其中每个行为者都是上帝般的，无所不知的，而这种无所不知导致了福利经济学第一个定理的准确性，在均衡是帕累托有效的情况下，鉴于演员具有可转让和不可转让资本的原始no赋，任何演员都无法提高其地位。类似地，在许多宗教中，上帝被理解为无所不知。上帝通过无偿制裁违法行为的能力形成了秩序。理想情况下，在经济学和宗教学中，假设万能的主体同样会产生可比的顺序。在经济学和宗教领域，均衡都是理想化的，超越的，批判性的标准。在现实的，内在的世界中，信息是不完善的，没有权力是绝对的，因此法律制度化对于维持秩序是必要的。宗教继承了可以使法律合法化并具有约束力的法律秩序道德原则，而经济学作为内在世界的激励理论，对实施法律制裁的行为进行了建模，这对战略性地采取行动并违反法律的行为者进行了惩罚。法律是一种制度性秩序，在其中，宪法规范和法律规则均通过“宗教”价值观合法化，并受到“经济”情势制裁的支持。

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