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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Basic and Applied Biology: IJBAB >Privatization of Health Care and Increasing Burden of Health Expenditure on Household: A Challenge for Universal Health Courage in India
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Privatization of Health Care and Increasing Burden of Health Expenditure on Household: A Challenge for Universal Health Courage in India

机译：医疗保健私有化和家庭医疗保健费用负担的增加：印度全民医疗保健勇气的挑战

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Health is the basic requirement for socio-economic,political and cultural development of any society. The governmentwants to make certain effort for enhancing the well-being of theindividual. But due to certain reason it becomes unsuccessful. Themost predominant reason is the introduction of privatisation whichexcludes the role of government in every spare. The services whichearlier provided by government now its trends become change.Privatizations touch every aspect but among them the health care gotmuch affected. The main aim of privatization is surplus value. Itequates quality with cost. The privatization of health care createsinequalities in healthcare between the countries and within thecountries. Privatisation leads to steep hike in health expenditures,increased medical cost, and cost of drugs, medical consultations,medical tests and hospitalisation. It also enlarged the inappropriatecompetition in the market, this is not because to earn but how to earnmore than others. These steep hikes in health expenditure createhindrance among the low-income groups and push them in a viciouscircle of poverty. The main aim of this paper was to examine theprivatization of healthcare and burden of health expenditure onhouseholds. It also Explore the impact of privatization on the qualityof care. This paper is primarily based on secondary data. Theexisting literature revealed that India ranks third in out-of-pocketexpenditure on health and almost 60% of total expenditure is paid bythe common man and about 3.2% Indians fall below the poverty linedue to huge medical bills with about 70% spending their entiresaving on healthcare and purchasing drugs. The reviewed datashowed that medicines account for 20–30% of global healthspending, slightly more in low- and middle-income countries, and,therefore, constitute a major part of the budget of whoever is payingfor health services. The finding of this paper exposed that out of thetotal private medical expenditure, around 72 per cent in rural and 68per cent in urban areas was made for purchasing ‘medicine’ for nonhospitalised treatment. Rural households primarily depended on their‘household income/savings’ (68%) and on ‘borrowings’ (25%), theurban households relied much more on their ‘income/saving’ (75%)for financing expenditure on hospitalisation, than on ‘borrowings’(only 18%) The pivotal problem in healthcare sector is high cost ofdrugs/medicine and recommending high prized non-generic medicine(NSSO, 2O14).
机译：健康是任何社会的社会经济，政治和文化发展的基本要求。政府希望为提高个人的福祉做出一定的努力。但是由于某些原因，它变得不成功。最主要的原因是私有化的引入，这排除了政府在所有备用资源中的作用。政府以前提供的服务现在已成为趋势。私有化涉及各个方面，但其中医疗保健受到很大影响。私有化的主要目的是剩余价值。使质量与成本相等。医疗保健私有化在国家之间和国家内部造成医疗保健不平等。民营化导致医疗保健支出急剧增加，医疗费用增加以及药品，医疗咨询，医疗检查和住院的费用。这也扩大了市场上的不当竞争，这不是因为赚钱，而是如何比别人赚更多。卫生支出的急剧增加在低收入群体中造成了阻碍，并使他们陷入贫困的恶性循环。本文的主要目的是研究医疗保健的私有化和家庭医疗保健支出的负担。它还探讨了私有化对医疗质量的影响。本文主要基于辅助数据。现有文献显示，印度在卫生方面的自付费用中排名第三，近60％的总支出由普通人支付，约有3.2％的印度人由于庞大的医疗费用而处于贫困线以下，其中约70％的支出全部用于医疗保健。和购买毒品。审查的数据显示，药品占全球卫生支出的20％至30％，在低收入和中等收入国家中略高一些，因此，构成了任何为卫生服务付费的人的预算的主要部分。本文的调查结果表明，在私人医疗总支出中，农村地区约72％，城市地区约68％用于购买非医院治疗的“药物”。农村家庭主要依靠他们的“家庭收入/储蓄”（68％）和“借款”（25％），城市家庭更多地依靠他们的“收入/储蓄”（75％）作为住院方面的融资支出，而不是“借款”（仅18％）是医疗保健领域的关键问题，是药品/药品的高成本以及推荐使用珍贵的非仿制药（NSSO，2O14）。

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