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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation >The pattern and cost of carnivore predation on livestock in maasai homesteads of Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya: Insights from a carnivore compensation programme
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The pattern and cost of carnivore predation on livestock in maasai homesteads of Amboseli ecosystem, Kenya: Insights from a carnivore compensation programme

机译：肯尼亚安博塞利生态系统马赛人家园中食肉动物食肉动物的捕食模式和成本：食肉动物补偿计划的启示

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Several papers have been written on the experiences, successes and challenges facing compensation schemes for wildlife, some of whom criticize the strategy while others support it.? What is clear among the Maasai is that the burden of conserving wildlife, particularly predators that roam freely on their land and predate upon their livestock, is too great to bear: support in terms of financial compensation and mitigation strategies to reduce socio-economic loss from livestock deaths would help communities tolerate predators, and discourage some among them to kill carnivores in retaliation. Such programs in the Amboseli ecosystem are critical for the long term future of wildlife conservation. The Mbirikani Predator Compensation Fund (MPCF) is such a compensation scheme administered by the Big Life Foundation since 2003.? Data from Big Life Foundation’s monitoring records of compensation paid between 2008 and 2012 were analyzed in order to establish insights into the pattern and cost of predation in the Amboseli ecosystem.? Results show that predation has been increasing with time, especially in recent years and during droughts; it is widespread across the Amboseli Ecosystem, but the frequency and intensity is higher near protected areas. The most common predators in the area studied are hyena, jackal, cheetah, lion and leopard; hyenas are the major predators, targeting all livestock types, while lion primarily target cattle. Between 2008 and 2012, more than KSh28 million was spent on compensation for over 9,000 livestock killed in bomas only.? Poor Maasai homestead (boma) maintenance encouraged predation further.? We recommend the compensation scheme to continue so that it cushions the Maasai from predation costs. Also, current measures of predation prevention such as improved livestock husbandry, construction of predator proof fences, and vigilance at night by the Maasai (especially the morans) should be encouraged, as it is within the MPCF.? Benefit systems that complement predator compensation, such as generation of local employment, educational opportunities and involvement in carnivore conservation strategies, will help to conserve predators in the Amboseli ecosystem.
机译：关于野生动植物补偿计划面临的经验，成功和挑战，已经写了几篇论文，其中一些批评该策略，而另一些则支持该策略。在马赛人中，很清楚的是，养护野生生物，特别是在其土地上自由漫游并过早捕食牲畜的掠食者的负担实在太大了：在财政补偿和缓解战略方面提供支持，以减少因野生动植物造成的社会经济损失。牲畜死亡将帮助社区容忍捕食者，并劝阻其中一些人杀死食肉动物以进行报复。安博塞利生态系统中的此类计划对于长期的野生动植物保护至关重要。 Mbirikani捕食者补偿基金（MPCF）是Big Life Foundation自2003年以来管理的补偿方案。分析了大生命基金会（Big Life Foundation）在2008年至2012年期间支付的薪酬的监控记录中的数据，以便深入了解安博塞利生态系统中的捕食方式和成本。结果表明，捕食活动随着时间而增加，特别是在近年来和干旱期间。它在安博塞利生态系统中很普遍，但是在保护区附近的频率和强度更高。在该地区最常见的捕食者是鬣狗，jack，猎豹，狮子和豹。鬣狗是主要捕食者，针对所有牲畜类型，而狮子主要针对牛。在2008年至2012年期间，仅针对因肉体杀死的9,000多头牲畜，就花费了超过2,800万肯尼亚先令的补偿。 Maasai宅基地（boma）维护不佳，进一步加剧了掠夺。我们建议继续实行赔偿计划，以减轻马赛人的掠夺成本。另外，应该鼓励当前的预防捕食措施，例如改善畜牧业，建造防捕食栅栏以及由马赛人（尤其是莫兰人）在夜间保持警惕，因为这是在MPCF内进行的。补充捕食者补偿的福利系统，例如创造当地就业机会，教育机会以及参与肉食动物保护战略，将有助于保护安博塞利生态系统中的捕食者。

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