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Review on Diagnostic Techniques of Bovine Tuberculosis

机译：牛结核病诊断技术综述

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Bovine tuberculosis is a major infectious disease of cattle, other domesticated animals and certain wildlife populations. It is one of the zoonotic diseases and can be diagnosed with different techniques. The currently used techniques are acid fast staining which is a cost-effective tool for diagnosing tuberculosis case and to monitor the progress of treatment and it has also drawbacks such as the low sensitivity in the immune-suppressed individuals; After death, infection is diagnosed by necropsy, histopathological and bacteriological examination and biochemical tests like nitrate reduction, niacin production, deamination of pyrazinamide and urease tests. Immunological diagnostic techniques like tuberculin skin tests: Single intradermal test, comparative intradermal test, short thermal test and stormont test; Blood based diagnostic techniques like gamma interferon assays, Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assays and lymphocyte proliferation assay, culture of mycobacterium and molecular diagnostic techniques which involves polymerase chain reaction, is a method that allows direct identification of the iM. tuberculosis /icomplex. Spoligotyping, restriction fragment length polymorphism, variable number tandem repeats typing are the techniques used for concurrent detection and typing of imycobacterium /ispecies at strain level. Its clinical usefulness over the other techniques is determined by its rapidity, both in identifying causative bacteria and in providing molecular epidemiologic information on strains. However, it holds drawbacks of being expensive and requiring well-equipped laboratory and skilled laboratory personnel, which are not always available in endemic areas. Thus, both conventional and molecular tools should be effectively used to diagnosis Tuberculosis.
机译：牛结核病是牛，其他家畜和某些野生生物种群的主要传染病。它是人畜共患病之一，可以用不同的技术进行诊断。目前使用的技术是耐酸染色，这是诊断结核病例和监测治疗进展的一种经济有效的工具，并且还具有诸如免疫抑制个体的敏感性低等缺点。死亡后，通过尸检，组织病理学和细菌学检查以及生化检查（如硝酸盐还原，烟酸生成，吡嗪酰胺脱氨基和尿素酶检查）来诊断感染。结核菌素皮肤测试等免疫学诊断技术：单次皮内测试，对比皮内测试，短时热测试和雷暴测试;基于血液的诊断技术，例如伽马干扰素测定，酶联免疫吸附测定和淋巴细胞增殖测定，分枝杆菌培养以及涉及聚合酶链反应的分子诊断技术，是一种可直接鉴定M的方法。结核病复杂。寡核苷酸分型，限制性片段长度多态性，可变数目的串联重复重复分型是在菌株水平上同时检测和分枝分枝杆菌的技术。其在确定病原细菌和提供菌株分子流行病学信息方面的快速性决定了其在其他技术上的临床实用性。然而，它具有价格昂贵并且需要装备精良的实验室和熟练的实验室人员的缺点，这在流行地区并不总是可用的。因此，常规工具和分子工具都应有效地用于诊断结核病。

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