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The Biology of the Glutamatergic System and Potential Role in Migraine

机译：谷氨酸能系统生物学及其在偏头痛中的潜在作用

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Migraine is a common genetically linked neurovascular disorder. Approximately ∼12% of the Caucasian population are affected including 18% of adult women and 6% of adult men (1, 2) . A notable female bias is observed in migraine prevalence studies with females affected ~3 times more than males and is credited to differences in hormone levels arising from reproductive achievements. Migraine is extremely debilitating with wide-ranging socioeconomic impact significantly affecting people’s health and quality of life. A number of neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in migraine, the most studied include the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. Extensive genetic research has been carried out to identify genetic variants that may alter the activity of a number of genes involved in synthesis and transport of neurotransmitters of these systems. The biology of the Glutamatergic system in migraine is the least studied however there is mounting evidence that its constituents could contribute to migraine. The discovery of antagonists that selectively block glutamate receptors has enabled studies on the physiologic role of glutamate, on one hand, and opened new perspectives pertaining to the potential therapeutic applications of glutamate receptor antagonists in diverse neurologic diseases. In this brief review, we discuss the biology of the Glutamatergic system in migraine outlining recent findings that support a role for altered Glutamatergic neurotransmission from biochemical and genetic studies in the manifestation of migraine and the implications of this on migraine treatment.
机译：偏头痛是常见的遗传性神经血管疾病。约有12％的白种人受到影响，包括18％的成年女性和6％的成年男性（1、2）。在偏头痛患病率研究中观察到明显的女性偏见，其中女性的影响是男性的3倍左右，这归因于生殖成就所引起的激素水平差异。偏头痛极大地破坏了人们的身心，其广泛的社会经济影响极大地影响着人们的健康和生活质量。偏头痛牵涉到许多神经递质系统，研究最多的包括血清素能系统和多巴胺能系统。已经进行了广泛的遗传研究以鉴定可能改变涉及这些系统的神经递质的合成和转运的许多基因的活性的遗传变异。偏头痛中谷氨酸能系统的生物学研究最少，但是越来越多的证据表明其成分可能导致偏头痛。一方面，选择性阻断谷氨酸受体的拮抗剂的发现使人们能够对谷氨酸的生理作用进行研究，并为谷氨酸受体拮抗剂在多种神经系统疾病中的潜在治疗应用打开了新的视野。在这篇简短的综述中，我们讨论了偏头痛中谷氨酸能系统的生物学特性，概述了最近的发现，这些发现支持改变生化和基因研究中谷氨酸能神经传递在偏头痛表现中的作用及其对偏头痛治疗的影响。

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