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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Breast Cancer >The Mammary Gland Carcinogens: The Role of Metal Compounds and Organic Solvents
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The Mammary Gland Carcinogens: The Role of Metal Compounds and Organic Solvents

机译：乳腺致癌物：金属化合物和有机溶剂的作用

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摘要

The increased rate of breast cancer incidences especially among postmenopausal women has been reported in recent decades. Despite the fact that women who inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have a high risk of developing breast cancer, studies have also shown that significant exposure to certain metal compounds and organic solvents also increases the risks of mammary gland carcinogenesis. While physiological properties govern the uptake, intracellular distribution, and binding of metal compounds, their interaction with proteins seems to be the most relevant process for metal carcinogenicity than biding to DNA. The four most predominant mechanisms for metal carcinogenicity include (1) interference with cellular redox regulation and induction of oxidative stress, (2) inhibition of major DNA repair, (3) deregulation of cell proliferation, and (4) epigenetic inactivation of genes by DNA hypermethylation. On the other hand, most organic solvents are highly lipophilic and are biotransformed mainly in the liver and the kidney through a series of oxidative and reductive reactions, some of which result in bioactivation. The breast physiology, notably the parenchyma, is embedded in a fat depot capable of storing lipophilic xenobiotics. This paper reviews the role of metal compounds and organic solvents in breast cancer development.
机译：近几十年来，已经报道了乳腺癌发病率的增加，特别是在绝经后妇女中。尽管继承了BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变的女性罹患乳腺癌的风险很高，但研究还表明，大量接触某些金属化合物和有机溶剂也会增加乳腺癌变的风险。虽然生理特性决定着金属化合物的吸收，细胞内分布和结合，但它们与蛋白质的相互作用似乎是金属致癌性最重要的过程，而不是对DNA的追求。金属致癌性的四个最主要机制包括：（1）干扰细胞氧化还原调节和诱导氧化应激;（2）抑制主要的DNA修复;（3）解除细胞增殖的调控;（4）DNA致表观遗传失活高甲基化。另一方面，大多数有机溶剂是高度亲脂性的，并且主要通过一系列氧化和还原反应在肝脏和肾脏中进行生物转化，其中一些反应导致生物活化。乳房生理学，尤其是薄壁组织，被嵌入到一个能够储存亲脂性外源生物的脂肪仓库中。本文综述了金属化合物和有机溶剂在乳腺癌发展中的作用。

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