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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Disaster Risk Science >Vulnerability Factors of Afghan Rural Women to Disasters
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Vulnerability Factors of Afghan Rural Women to Disasters

机译：阿富汗农村妇女受灾的脆弱性因素

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Disaster management is a global challenge, but disasters do not affect men and women equally. In most of the world’s disasters, more females are impacted than males, and in Afghanistan the disparity between female and male victims is even greater. This study identifies and maps the relationships between the factors that make Afghan rural women more vulnerable to natural hazard-induced disasters. Data for this study were obtained through focus group discussions with rural women and men, as well as person-to-person interviews with employees of government and nongovernmental organizations at the national and local levels in Afghanistan. The study uses Grounded Theory and Interpretive Structural Modeling, not widely used before for this type of study, to analyze the data collected and to map the factors of vulnerability identified and their relationships. In agreement with previous studies, our findings show that insufficient disaster education, inadequate protection measures, and powerful cultural issues, both pre- and post-disaster, increase women’s vulnerability during and after disasters. In particular, cultural issues play a role after disasters by affecting women’s security, access to disaster aid, and health care. The study also found that perception regarding these cultural issues and how they affect women during disasters differs among men and women. Finally, by using Interpretive Structural Modeling, we show how the importance of the factors and their interrelationships change in pre-disaster and post-disaster situations. We conclude the article with some policy recommendations such as finding ways to allow women to participate in disaster planning activities and decision-making processes related to disaster risk reduction, as well as securing dedicated funds for the mainstreaming of gender in disaster risk reduction policies in Afghanistan.
机译：灾害管理是一项全球性挑战，但是灾害不会平等地影响男人和女人。在世界上大多数灾难中，女性受害的人数比男性多，在阿富汗，女性和男性受害者之间的差距更大。这项研究确定并绘制了使阿富汗农村妇女更容易遭受自然灾害引起的灾害的因素之间的关系。这项研究的数据是通过与农村男女的焦点小组讨论以及与阿富汗国家和地方各级政府和非政府组织员工进行的人对人访谈而获得的。该研究使用扎根理论和解释性结构建模（此类型研究以前未广泛使用）来分析收集的数据并绘制已确定的脆弱性因素及其关系的图。与以前的研究一致，我们的研究结果表明，灾难教育前后的灾难教育不足，保护措施不足以及强大的文化问题，都增加了妇女在灾难期间和之后的脆弱性。尤其是，文化问题在灾难后通过影响妇女的安全，获得救灾援助和医疗保健而发挥作用。该研究还发现，在灾难期间，人们对这些文化问题及其对妇女的影响的看法各不相同。最后，通过使用解释性结构建模，我们展示了在灾前和灾后情况中因素及其相互关系的重要性如何变化。在文章结尾，我们提出了一些政策建议，例如寻找方法使妇女参与与减少灾害风险有关的灾害规划活动和决策过程，以及获得专门资金以将性别观点纳入阿富汗减少灾害风险政策的主流。

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