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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Occurrence of Emerging Micropollutants in Water Systems in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West Provinces, South Africa
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Occurrence of Emerging Micropollutants in Water Systems in Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West Provinces, South Africa

机译：南非豪登省，姆普马兰加省和西北省的水系统中新出现的微量污染物

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The ubiquitous occurrence of emerging micropollutants (EMPs) in water is an issue of growing environmental-health concern worldwide. However, there remains a paucity of data regarding their levels and occurrence in water. This study determined the occurrence of EMPs namely: carbamazepine (CBZ), galaxolide (HHCB), caffeine (CAF), tonalide (AHTN), 4-nonylphenol (NP), and bisphenol A (BPA) in water from Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and North West provinces, South Africa using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-HRTOFMS). Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA were performed to determine temporal variations in occurrence of the EMPs. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Surfer Golden Graphics software for surface mapping were used to determine spatial variations in levels and occurrence of the EMPs. The mean levels ranged from 11.22 ± 18.8 ng/L for CAF to 158.49 ± 662 ng/L for HHCB. There was no evidence of statistically significant temporal variations in occurrence of EMPs in water. Nevertheless, their levels and occurrence vary spatially and are a function of two principal components (PCs, PC1 and PC2) which controlled 89.99% of the variance. BPA was the most widely distributed EMP, which was present in 62% of the water samples. The detected EMPs pose ecotoxicological risks in water samples, especially those from Mpumalanga province.
机译：水中普遍存在的新兴微污染物（EMP）是世界范围内日益关注的环境健康问题。然而，关于它们的含量和在水中的存在的数据仍然很少。这项研究确定了Gauteng，Mpumalanga和南非西北省份，使用全面的二维气相色谱仪和高分辨率的飞行时间质谱仪（GCxGC-HRTOFMS）。进行Kruskal-Wallis检验和ANOVA，以确定EMP发生的时间变化。使用主成分分析（PCA）和用于曲面映射的Surfer Golden Graphics软件来确定EMP的水平和出现的空间变化。平均水平范围从CAF的11.22±18.8 ng / L到HHCB的158.49±662 ng / L。没有证据表明水中EMP的发生在时间上具有统计学上的显着差异。然而，它们的水平和发生在空间上是变化的，并且是控制89.99％方差的两个主要成分（PC，PC1和PC2）的函数。 BPA是分布最广泛的EMP，在62％的水样中都存在。所检测到的环境管理计划在水样中构成生态毒理风险，尤其是在姆普马兰加省。

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