Introduction: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has estimated the economic impact of Graphic Warning Labels (GWLs). By omitting the impact on tobacco consumption by pregnant women, the FDA analysis underestimates the economic benefits that would occur from the proposed regulations. There is a strong link between the occurrence of low birth weight babies and smoking while pregnant. Low birth weight babies in turn generate much higher hospital costs than normal birth weight babies. This study aims to fill the gap by quantifying the national hospital cost savings from the reductions in prenatal smoking that will arise if GWLs are implemented in the U.S. Data and Methods: This study uses several data sources. It uses Natality Data from the National Vital Statistics System of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in 2013 to estimate the impact of prenatal smoking on the likelihood of having a low-birth-weight baby, controlling for socio-economic and demographic characteristics as well as medical and non-medical risk factors. Using these estimates, along with the estimates of Huang et al. (2014) regarding the effect of GWLs on smoking, we calculate the change in the number of LBW (low birth weight) babies resulting from decreased prenatal smoking due to GWLs. Using this estimated change and the estimates from Russell et al. (2007) and AHRQ (2013) on the excess hospital costs of LBW babies, we calculate cost saving that arises from reduced prenatal smoking in response of GWLs. Results and Conclusions: Our results indicated that GWLs for this population could lead to hospital cost savings of 1.2 billion to 2.0 billion dollars over a 30 year horizon.
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机译：简介：美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）估计了图形警告标签（GWL）的经济影响。通过忽略孕妇对烟草消费的影响，FDA分析低估了拟议法规可能带来的经济利益。低出生体重儿的发生与怀孕期间吸烟之间有很强的联系。低出生体重的婴儿反过来比正常出生体重的婴儿产生更高的住院费用。这项研究旨在通过量化在美国实施GWL会减少产前吸烟而减少的国家医院成本节省来填补缺口，该数据和方法：该研究使用了多个数据源。它使用2013年国家卫生统计中心（National Health Health Center，NCHS）国家生命统计系统（National Vital Statistics System）的出生数据来估计产前吸烟对生育低体重婴儿的可能性的影响，并控制社会经济和人口统计学特征以及医学和非医学风险因素。使用这些估计，连同黄等人的估计。 （2014年）关于GWL对吸烟的影响，我们计算了由于GWL导致产前吸烟减少而导致的LBW（低出生体重）婴儿数量的变化。使用这个估计的变化和Russell等人的估计。 （2007年）和AHRQ（2013年）对LBW婴儿的额外住院费用进行了计算，我们计算出因GWL减少产前吸烟而节省的费用。结果与结论：我们的结果表明，在30年内，该人群的GWL可以节省12亿至20亿美元的医院成本。
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