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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Freshwater Microcosms-Based Assessment of Eco-toxicological Effects of a Chemical Effluent from the Pilcam Industry in Cameroon
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Freshwater Microcosms-Based Assessment of Eco-toxicological Effects of a Chemical Effluent from the Pilcam Industry in Cameroon

机译：基于淡水微观世界的喀麦隆Pilcam工业化学废水的生态毒理学评估

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We studied the acute toxicity of a raw effluent from a battery manufacturing plant (Pilcam) in Douala, Cameroon, to a freshwater fish (Oreochromis niloticus), and subsequently evaluated its sub-acute effects on water quality and the biota in freshwater microscosms. The acute toxicity test was based on 96 hrs static renewal bioassays that resulted in 96-h LC50 and LC90 values of 16 and 20.7% (v/v), respectively. The sub-acute experiments were conducted by exposing several species of aquatic organisms (plankton, macro-invertebrates and mollusks) to lower effluent concentrations [1.6%, 8.0%, 16% (v/v)] for six weeks, and monitoring their survival rates, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of water. These concentrations were based on 10%, 50%, and 100% of the 96 h - median lethal concentrations (LC50) of the effluent to the freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Significant effects on functional parameters, such as, chlorophyll-a and total protein could not be demonstrated. However, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly inhibited at all concentrations tested. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, macro-invertebrate communities and snails were negatively affected by the effluent application at concentrations ≥ 8% (v/v), with chlorophyta, ciliates, ostracoda, annelida, planaria and snails being the most sensitive groups. The snails were eliminated after 24 h exposure from microcosms treated with effluent at concentration ≥ 8% (v/v). Effluent exposure also caused significant effects on water quality parameters (DO, pH, hardness, conductivity, color, turbidity, ammonia) in general at concentrations ≥ 8% (v/v). Temperature and alkalinity were not significantly affected. Overall, data from this research indicate that a dilution of the Pilcam effluent down to 1.6% does not provide protection against chronic toxicity to aquatic organisms. Further studies are needed to determine the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL), as well as a chronic reference concentration for this effluent.
机译：我们研究了喀麦隆杜阿拉电池生产厂（Pilcam）的原水对淡水鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的急性毒性，然后评估了其对水质和淡水微生物群落中亚生物的急性影响。急性毒性测试基于96小时的静态更新生物测定，得出96小时的LC50和LC90值分别为16和20.7％（v / v）。通过将几种水生生物（浮游生物，大型无脊椎动物和软体动物）暴露于较低的废水浓度[1.6％，8.0％，16％（v / v）]六周，并监测其存活情况，进行亚急性实验率以及水的理化特性。这些浓度是基于淡水鱼Oreochromis niloticus的96小时中位致死浓度（LC50）的10％，50％和100％。无法证明对功能参数（如叶绿素-a和总蛋白）有显着影响。然而，碱性磷酸酶的活性在所有测试浓度下均被显着抑制。浓度≥8％（v / v）的废水应用对浮游植物，浮游动物，大型无脊椎动物群落和蜗牛产生了负面影响，其中以绿藻，纤毛虫，成骨纲，无翅纲，an虫，平面虫和蜗牛为最敏感的群体。暴露于浓度≥8％（v / v）的污水中的微观世界暴露24小时后，将蜗牛去除。一般而言，浓度≥8％（v / v）时，污水暴露也会对水质参数（溶解度，pH，硬度，电导率，颜色，浊度，氨水）产生重大影响。温度和碱度没有受到明显影响。总体而言，这项研究的数据表明，将Pilcam废水稀释至1.6％并不能防止对水生生物的慢性毒性。需要进一步的研究以确定未观察到的不良反应水平（NOAEL），以及该废水的慢性参考浓度。

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