Congenital anomalies are the main causes of preterm and neonatal mortality and morbidity. We investigated the association between congenital anomalies and mothers’ exposure to air pollution during pregnancy by combining risk estimates for a variety of air pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, CO and O3) and anomaly defect outcomes. Seventeen articles were included in the systematic review and thirteen studies were taken into account in the meta-analysis. Combined estimated were calculated separately according to whether the exposure metric was continuous or categorical. Only one significant combination was; NO2 concentrations were significantly associated with coarctation of the aorta (OR = 1.20 per 10 ppb, 95% CI, (1.02, 1.41)). This finding could stem from strong heterogeneity in study designs. Improved exposure assessment methods, in particular more accurate spatial measurements or modeling, standardized definition of cases and of better control of confounders are highly recommended for future congenital anomalies research in this area.
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机译：先天性异常是早产和新生儿死亡率和发病率的主要原因。我们结合了各种空气污染物（SO2，NO2，PM10，PM2.5，CO和O3）和异常缺陷结果的风险估计，研究了先天异常与母亲在怀孕期间暴露于空气污染之间的关系。系统评价包括十七篇文章，在荟萃分析中考虑了十三项研究。根据暴露指标是连续的还是分类的，分别计算出合并的估计数。只有一个重要的组合是： NO 2浓度与主动脉缩窄显着相关（OR = 1.20 / 10 ppb，95％CI，（1.02，1.41））。这一发现可能源于研究设计中的强烈异质性。强烈建议改进暴露评估方法，尤其是更精确的空间测量或建模，病例的标准化定义以及对混杂因素的更好控制，以用于该领域未来的先天性异常研究。
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