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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Reducing Exposure to High Fluoride Drinking Water in Estonia—A Countrywide Study
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Reducing Exposure to High Fluoride Drinking Water in Estonia—A Countrywide Study

机译：减少爱沙尼亚高氟饮用水的暴露—一项全国性研究

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摘要

Fluoride is a naturally occurring contaminant in groundwater in Estonia. There are several regions in Estonia with fluoride contents in public water supplies as high as 7 mg/L. Long-term exposure to high-fluoride drinking water may have several adverse health effects, primarily dental fluorosis. The opportunities for exposure reduction rely highly on water treatment technologies. Since 2004 public water suppliers in Estonia have made efforts to diminish fluoride content in drinking water systems. A follow-up study on a country level was carried out in 2004–2012 to analyze the changes in population exposure to excessive (over 1.5 mg/L) fluoride in drinking water and to get information about the reduction methods applied by public water supplies (PWS) to optimize the fluoride levels in public water system. The results showed that bigger PWS have been more effective in fluoride reduction measures than small PWS. The main methods used to lower the fluoride content were reverse osmosis technology and replacement of water sources with new ones (new drilled wells). As a result of all the measures taken the overall high-fluoride exposure has been reduced substantially (82%).
机译：氟化物是爱沙尼亚地下水中的一种天然污染物。爱沙尼亚有几个地区的公共供水中氟化物含量高达7 mg / L。长期暴露于高氟饮用水中可能会对健康产生若干不利影响，主要是氟中毒。减少接触的机会高度依赖水处理技术。自2004年以来，爱沙尼亚的公共水供应商已努力减少饮用水系统中的氟化物含量。 2004-2012年，我们在国家/地区进行了一项后续研究，以分析饮用水中过量（超过1.5 mg / L）氟化物的人口暴露变化，并获得有关公共供水所采用的减少方法的信息（ PWS），以优化公共供水系统中的氟化物含量。结果表明，较大的PWS在减少氟的措施上比小型PWS更有效。降低氟化物含量的主要方法是反渗透技术和用新的（新的钻井）代替水源。由于采取了所有措施，因此大大减少了总的高氟暴露量（82％）。

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