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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Literature Review of Associations among Attributes of Reported Drinking Water Disease Outbreaks
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Literature Review of Associations among Attributes of Reported Drinking Water Disease Outbreaks

机译：报道的饮用水疾病暴发的特征之间的关联性文献综述

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Waterborne disease outbreaks attributed to various pathogens and drinking water system characteristics have adversely affected public health worldwide throughout recorded history. Data from drinking water disease outbreak (DWDO) reports of widely varying breadth and depth were synthesized to investigate associations between outbreak attributes and human health impacts. Among 1519 outbreaks described in 475 sources identified during review of the primarily peer-reviewed, English language literature, most occurred in the U.S., the U.K. and Canada (in descending order). The outbreaks are most frequently associated with pathogens of unknown etiology, groundwater and untreated systems, and catchment realm-associated deficiencies ( i.e. , contamination events). Relative frequencies of outbreaks by various attributes are comparable with those within other DWDO reviews, with water system size and treatment type likely driving most of the (often statistically-significant at p < 0.05) differences in outbreak frequency, case count and attack rate. Temporal analysis suggests that while implementation of surface (drinking) water management policies is associated with decreased disease burden, further strengthening of related policies is needed to address the remaining burden attributed to catchment and distribution realm-associated deficiencies and to groundwater viral and disinfection-only system outbreaks.
机译：在整个记录的历史中，归因于各种病原体和饮用水系统特征的水传疾病暴发已对全世界的公共卫生产生了不利影响。合成了来自广度和深度差异很大的饮用水疾病暴发（DWDO）报告的数据，以调查暴发属性与人类健康影响之间的关联。在审查主要经过同行评审的英语文献时发现的475个来源中描述的1519次暴发中，大多数发生在美国，英国和加拿大（降序排列）。暴发最常与病因不明的病原体，地下水和未经处理的系统以及与集水区相关的缺陷（即污染事件）相关。各种属性的爆发相对频率与其他DWDO评论中的相对频率相当，水系统的规模和处理类型可能会导致爆发频率，病例数和发作率的大部分差异（通常在p <0.05上具有统计学意义）。时间分析表明，尽管实施地表（饮用水）水管理政策与减轻疾病负担相关联，但仍需要进一步加强相关政策，以解决归因于集水区和分配领域相关缺陷以及仅对地下水进行病毒和消毒处理的剩余负担系统爆发。

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