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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Intraurban and Longitudinal Variability of Classical Pollutants in Kraków, Poland, 2000–2010
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Intraurban and Longitudinal Variability of Classical Pollutants in Kraków, Poland, 2000–2010

机译：2000–2010年波兰克拉科夫的古典污染物的城市内部和纵向变化

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In spite of a dramatic decrease in anthropogenic emissions, ambient concentrations of major pollutants have not changed within many urban locations. To clarify the relationship between ambient air quality trend and the population exposures, we compared the intraurban versus temporal variability of the collocated measurements of five major air pollutants including particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter 10 µm (PM10), 2.5 µm (PM2.5), tropospheric ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), in Kraków, Poland, during the 2000−2010 period. Strong seasonal trends and overall absence of spatial heterogeneity in PM10 and PM2.5, except in the traffic monitoring site, were observed across the monitoring network. The range of median PM2.5 concentrations during winter (54–64 µg/m3) was 3- to 4-times higher than the summer medians (15–26 µg/m3) across the sites during 2009−2010. Furthermore, large proportion of PM10 appears to be comprised of PM2.5 (PM2.5/PM10 concentration ratios range, 0.5–0.7). At each monitoring site, the Pearson’s correlation coefficients between PM2.5 and PM10 ranged between 0.944 and 0.963, suggesting a health-relevance of PM10 monitoring. One ln-unit increase in PM10 was associated with 92%–100% increase in PM2.5 concentrations in the same location. While PM10 did not demonstrate a clear temporal trend, SO2 concentrations steadily declined by 40% during the 2000–2010 period. Summertime median NO2 concentration was acutely elevated ‎(70 μg/m3 vs. 22 μg/m3) at the traffic oriented site compared to the city’s central monitoring site. The traffic and the industrial sites were associated with highest number of days during which 24-hour mean PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the European Union standard. Steadily growing contributions by vehicular emissions appear to be associated with the absence of clear trend in PM10. Current practices of air quality control within Kraków may not be adequate for the protection of the public’s health.
机译：尽管人为排放量急剧减少，但许多城市地区的主要污染物的环境浓度并未改变。为了阐明环境空气质量趋势与人口暴露之间的关系，我们比较了五种主要空气污染物（包括空气动力学直径<10 µm（PM 10 < / sub>），<2.5 µm（PM 2.5 ），对流层臭氧（O 3 ），二氧化硫（SO 2 ）和氮2000-2010年间波兰克拉科夫的二氧化氮（NO 2 ）。在整个监控网络中，除了交通监控站点外，在PM 10 和PM 2.5 中均出现了强烈的季节性趋势并且总体上没有空间异质性。冬季（54–64 µg / m 3 ）的PM 2.5 浓度中值范围比夏季（15–26 µg / m）高3至4倍。在2009-2010年期间跨站点的m 3 ）。此外，很大一部分PM 10 似乎由PM 2.5 组成（PM 2.5 / PM 10 浓度比范围0.5-0.7）。在每个监测点，PM 2.5 和PM 10 之间的Pearson相关系数在0.944至0.963之间，表明PM 10 与健康相关监控。同一位置PM 10 升高1 ln单位，PM 2.5 浓度升高92％–100％。虽然PM 10 并没有表现出明显的时间趋势，但在2000-2010年期间SO 2 的浓度却稳定下降了40％。与交通导向地点相比，夏季NO 2 的中位数浓度急剧升高（70μg/ m 3 与22μg/ m 3 ）到城市的中央监控站点。交通和工业用地的天数最多，其中24小时的平均PM 10 和PM 2.5 浓度超过了欧盟标准。机动车排放的稳定增长似乎与PM 10 缺乏明显趋势有关。克拉科夫市现行的空气质量控制措施可能不足以保护公众健康。

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