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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >The Seasonality of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Pollution and its Influence on Closures of Shellfish Harvesting Areas in Mississippi Sound
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The Seasonality of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Pollution and its Influence on Closures of Shellfish Harvesting Areas in Mississippi Sound

机译：密西西比湾粪便大肠菌污染的季节性及其对贝类收获区封闭的影响

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Runoff from agricultural lands and farm animal feedlots is one of the major sources of fecal coliforms in surface waters, and fecal coliform (FC) bacteria concentrations tend to vary with season because of seasonal variations in climatic factors. However, El Ni?o -Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events may affect the extent and patterns of seasonality in FC levels in coastal waters. Water quality monitoring data for shellfish management collected during El Ni?o (1990, 1992, 1997), and La Ni?a (1999, 2000) years were analyzed to evaluate the extent to which these events influenced Pearl River stage, and bacterial levels, water temperature, and salinity in the western part of Mississippi Sound. Models to predict FC levels in relation to various environmental factors were also developed. In 1990, 1992 and 1997, FC geometric mean counts peaked in late winter (January/February) reaching 120 MPN (February 1990), 165 MPN (January 1992), and 86 MPN (January 1997), and then decreased considerably during spring and summer (1.2 – 19 MPN). Thereafter, FC abundance increased slightly in fall and early winter (1.9 – 24 MPN). Fecal coliform abundance during the 2000 La Ni?a year was much lower (1.0 – 10.3 MPN) than in 1992 (1.2 – 165 MPN), and showed no seasonal pattern from January to August, perhaps due to the relative scarcity of rainfall in 2000. In 1995 (ENSO neutral year), peak geometric mean FC count (46 MPN) was lower than during El Ni?o years and occurred in early spring (March). The seasonal and between year variations in FC levels determined the number of days during which the conditionally approved shellfish growing area was opened for harvesting shellfish. For example, from January to April 1997, the area was not opened for shellfish harvesting, whereas in 2000, the number of days during which the area was opened ranged from 6 - 27 (January to April) to 24 - 26 (October to December). ENSO events thus influenced the extent and timing of the peak levels of fecal coliforms in Mississippi Sound. Models consisting of one or more of the variables: Pearl River stage, water temperature, and salinity were developed to predict FC concentrations in the Sound. The model parameter(s) explained 56 to 91% of the variations in FC counts. Management of shellfish in Mississippi Sound can be improved by utilizing information on the forecasted three to seven years occurrence of ENSO events. In addition, since Pearl River stage was the most important variable predicting FC concentration in the Sound, a study of the levels and sources of FC bacteria in the river, especially the middle and lower sections, is needed for developing a management plan for reducing FC bacteria pollution in the Sound.
机译：农田和牲畜饲养场的径流是地表水中粪大肠菌群的主要来源之一，由于气候因素的季节性变化，粪大肠菌群（FC）细菌的浓度往往随季节而变化。但是，厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）事件可能会影响沿海水域FC水平的季节性程度和模式。分析了El Ni？o（1990、1992、1997）和La Ni？a（1999，2000）年收集的贝类管理水质监测数据，以评估这些事件对珠江水位的影响程度和细菌水平密西西比海峡西部的水温和盐度。还开发了预测与各种环境因素有关的FC水平的模型。在1990年，1992年和1997年，FC几何平均数在冬末（1月/ 2月）达到峰值，达到120 MPN（1990年2月），165 MPN（1992年1月）和86 MPN（1997年1月），然后在春季和春季大幅下降。夏天（1.2-19 MPN）。此后，秋季和初冬的FC丰度略有增加（1.9-24 MPN）。 2000年拉尼那年的粪大肠菌群丰度（1.0 – 10.3 MPN）远低于1992年（1.2 – 165 MPN），并且从1月到8月没有季节性变化，这可能是由于2000年降雨相对稀少。1995年（ENSO中性年），峰值几何平均FC计数（46 MPN）低于El Ni？o年，发生在早春（3月）。 FC水平的季节性变化和年际变化决定了有条件批准的贝类生长区开放用于收获贝类的天数。例如，从1997年1月至4月，该地区未开放用于贝类收获的区域，而在2000年，该地区的开放天数为6-27（一月至四月）至24-26（十月至12月） ）。因此，ENSO事件影响了密西西比湾大便中大肠菌群峰值水平的程度和时间。建立了一个或多个变量（珠江水位，水温和盐度）组成的模型，以预测声中的FC浓度。模型参数可解释FC计数变化的56％至91％。通过利用关于ENSO事件预测的三到七年发生的信息，可以改善密西西比湾的贝类管理。此外，由于珠江水位是预测声音中FC浓度的最重要变量，因此需要研究河流中，尤其是中下游地区FC细菌的水平和来源，以制定减少FC的管理计划。声音中的细菌污染。

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