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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge Resistance Using a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Low Income Areas in Mzuzu City, Malawi
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Pit Latrine Fecal Sludge Resistance Using a Dynamic Cone Penetrometer in Low Income Areas in Mzuzu City, Malawi

机译：马拉维姆祖祖市低收入地区使用动态锥形渗透仪对坑厕粪便污泥的抵抗力

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Pit latrines can provide improved household sanitation, but without effective and inexpensive emptying options, they are often abandoned once full and may pose a public health threat. Emptying techniques can be difficult, as the sludge contents of each pit latrine are different. The design of effective emptying techniques (e.g., pumps) is limited by a lack of data characterizing typical in situ latrine sludge resistance. This investigation aimed to better understand the community education and technical engineering needs necessary to improve pit latrine management. In low income areas within Mzuzu city, Malawi, 300 pit latrines from three distinct areas were assessed using a dynamic cone penetrometer to quantify fecal sludge strength, and household members were surveyed to determine their knowledge of desludging procedures and practices likely to impact fecal sludge characteristics. The results demonstrate that there is a significant difference in sludge strength between lined and unlined pits within a defined area, though sludge hardened with depth, regardless of the pit type or region. There was only limited association between cone penetration depth and household survey data. To promote the adoption of pit emptying, it is recommended that households be provided with information that supports pit emptying, such as latrine construction designs, local pit emptying options, and cost. This study indicates that the use of a penetrometer test in the field prior to pit latrine emptying may facilitate the selection of appropriate pit emptying technology.
机译：坑式厕所可以改善家庭卫生条件，但是如果没有有效且便宜的排空选择，它们通常一旦装满便会被丢弃，并可能对公共健康构成威胁。排空技术可能很困难，因为每个坑厕的污泥含量都不同。有效排空技术（例如，泵）的设计由于缺乏表征典型的原位厕所污泥阻力的数据而受到限制。这项调查旨在更好地了解改善坑厕管理所需的社区教育和技术工程需求。在马拉维姆祖祖（Mzuzu）市的低收入地区，使用动态锥度渗透仪评估了三个不同地区的300个坑厕，以量化粪便污泥强度，并对家庭成员进行了调查，以确定他们对可能影响粪便污泥特性的除污程序和做法的知识。 。结果表明，尽管污泥随深度而变硬，但无论凹坑类型或区域如何，在限定区域内的衬砌坑和非衬砌坑之间的污泥强度存在显着差异。锥孔穿透深度与家庭调查数据之间的关联有限。为了促进采用排空，建议向家庭提供支持排空的信息，例如厕所结构设计，局部排空选项和成本。这项研究表明，在坑厕排空之前在野外使用渗透计测试可能有助于选择合适的坑厕排空技术。

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