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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Relative Risk Perceptions between Snus and Cigarettes in a Snus-Prevalent Society—An Observational Study over a 16 Year Period
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Relative Risk Perceptions between Snus and Cigarettes in a Snus-Prevalent Society—An Observational Study over a 16 Year Period

机译：鼻烟流行社会中鼻烟与香烟之间的相对风险感知-一项为期16年的观察性研究

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Background: Most studies on perceived risks of smokeless tobacco products (SLT) have been conducted in the U.S., and the vast majority conclude that perceptions of the relative harmfulness of SLT versus cigarettes in the population are inconsistent with epidemiologically-based risk estimates, and typically conflated to that of cigarettes. We tested whether such inaccuracies also existed in Norway, where SLT-products are less toxic (Swedish snus) and SLT use is more prevalent than in the U.S. Methods: Over a 16 years period (2003–2018), 13,381 respondents (aged 16–79 years) answered questions about risk perceptions in Statistics Norway’s nationally representative survey of tobacco behavior. We applied an indirect measure of comparative harm where risk beliefs for eight nicotine products were assessed independently of other products and then compared the answers. The wording of the question was: “We will now mention a variety of nicotine products and ask you how harmful you think daily use of these are. Use a scale from 1 to 7, where 1 is slightly harmful and 7 is very harmful”. Mean scores with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: The overall risk score for cigarettes was 6.48. The risk score for snus was 5.14–79.3% of the risk score of cigarettes. The relative risk scores for e-cigarettes (3.78) and NRT products (3.39) was 58.4% and 52.3% when compared to cigarettes. Perceptions of risk were stable over time. A strong association was observed between perceived risk of snus and having used snus in attempts to quit smoking. Conclusion: Perceptions of relative risk between snus and cigarettes is inconsistent with estimates from medical expert committees, which assess the overall health risk from use of Swedish snus to be minor when compared to the risk from smoking. Like the situation in the US, incorrect beliefs about SLT risks seem to be prevalent also in the snus-prevalent Norwegian setting. Accurate information on differential harms needs to be communicated. Future research should try to identify reasons why health authorities in the US and Scandinavia allow these well-documented misconceptions to persist.
机译：背景：关于无烟烟草制品（SLT）的感知风险的大多数研究是在美国进行的，并且绝大多数结论认为，对SLT与香烟相对有害性的认识与基于流行病学的风险估计不一致，通常与香烟混为一谈。我们测试了挪威是否还存在这种不准确性，在挪威，SLT产品的毒性较低（瑞典鼻烟），SLT的使用比美国更普遍。方法：在16年期间（2003-2018年），有13381名受访者（16岁至79岁）回答了挪威统计局在全国范围内进行的烟草行为调查中关于风险认知的问题。我们采用了一种比较危害的间接衡量方法，其中独立于其他产品评估了八种尼古丁产品的风险信念，然后比较了答案。问题的措词是：“我们现在将提及多种尼古丁产品，并问您您认为日常使用这些产品有多有害。使用1到7的比例，其中1稍微有害，而7则非常有害”。计算具有95％置信区间的平均得分。结果：卷烟的总体风险评分为6.48。鼻烟的风险分数是香烟风险分数的5.14–79.3％。与香烟相比，电子烟（3.78）和NRT产品（3.39）的相对风险得分分别为58.4％和52.3％。风险感知随着时间的推移是稳定的。观察到的鼻烟风险与尝试戒烟时使用鼻烟之间存在很强的关联。结论：鼻烟与香烟之间相对危险的认识与医学专家委员会的估计不一致，医学专家委员会的评估将瑞典鼻烟的总体健康风险与吸烟风险相比是较小的。像美国的情况一样，在鼻烟流行的挪威环境中，关于SLT风险的错误观念似乎也很普遍。需要传达有关不同危害的准确信息。未来的研究应设法找出美国和斯堪的那维亚卫生当局为何允许这些有据可查的错误观念持续存在的原因。

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