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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Distributional Benefit Analysis of a National Air Quality Rule
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Distributional Benefit Analysis of a National Air Quality Rule

机译：国家空气质量规则的分配效益分析

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Under Executive Order 12898, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must perform environmental justice (EJ) reviews of its rules and regulations. EJ analyses address the hypothesis that environmental disamenities are experienced disproportionately by poor and/or minority subgroups. Such analyses typically use communities as the unit of analysis. While community-based approaches make sense when considering where polluting sources locate, they are less appropriate for national air quality rules affecting many sources and pollutants that can travel thousands of miles. We compare exposures and health risks of EJ-identified individuals rather than communities to analyze EPA’s Heavy Duty Diesel (HDD) rule as an example national air quality rule. Air pollutant exposures are estimated within grid cells by air quality models; all individuals in the same grid cell are assigned the same exposure. Using an inequality index, we find that inequality within racial/ethnic subgroups far outweighs inequality between them. We find, moreover, that the HDD rule leaves between-subgroup inequality essentially unchanged. Changes in health risks depend also on subgroups’ baseline incidence rates, which differ across subgroups. Thus, health risk reductions may not follow the same pattern as reductions in exposure. These results are likely representative of other national air quality rules as well.
机译：根据12898号行政命令，美国环境保护局（EPA）必须对其规则和条例进行环境司法（EJ）审查。 EJ分析解决了以下假设：贫困和/或少数族裔群体过分地经历了环境缺陷。此类分析通常使用社区作为分析单位。尽管考虑到污染源的位置时，基于社区的方法很有意义，但它们不适合影响许多源和可传播数千英里的污染物的国家空气质量法规。我们比较了经EJ识别的个人而不是社区的暴露和健康风险，以分析EPA的重型柴油（HDD）规则作为国家空气质量规则的一个示例。通过空气质量模型估算网格单元内的空气污染物暴露;同一网格单元中的所有个人都被分配了相同的曝光。使用不平等指数，我们发现种族/族裔亚组内的不平等远远大于它们之间的不平等。此外，我们发现，HDD规则使子组之间的不等式基本上保持不变。健康风险的变化还取决于亚组的基线发生率，这些基线发生率在亚组之间有所不同。因此，减少健康风险的方式可能与减少接触的方式不同。这些结果也可能代表其他国家空气质量规定。

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