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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Effects of OEF/OIF-Related Physical and Emotional Co-Morbidities on Associative Learning: Concurrent Delay and Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning
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Effects of OEF/OIF-Related Physical and Emotional Co-Morbidities on Associative Learning: Concurrent Delay and Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning

机译：OEF / OIF相关的身体和情绪合并症对联想学习的影响：并发延迟和微量眨眼经典条件

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This study examined the performance of veterans and active duty personnel who served in Operation Enduring Freedom and/or Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) on a basic associative learning task. Eighty-eight individuals participated in this study. All received a comprehensive clinical evaluation to determine the presence and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The eyeblink conditioning task was composed of randomly intermixed delay and trace conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) pairs (acquisition) followed by a series of CS only trials (extinction). Results revealed that those with a clinical diagnosis of PTSD or a diagnosis of PTSD with comorbid mTBI acquired delay and trace conditioned responses (CRs) to levels and at rates similar to a deployed control group, thus suggesting intact basic associative learning. Differential extinction impairment was observed in the two clinical groups. Acquisition of CRs for both delay and trace conditioning, as well as extinction of trace CRs, was associated with alcoholic behavior across all participants. These findings help characterize the learning and memory function of individuals with PTSD and mTBI from OEF/OIF and raise the alarming possibility that the use of alcohol in this group may lead to more significant cognitive dysfunction.
机译：这项研究调查了在基本自由学习任务中在持久自由行动和/或伊拉克自由行动（OEF / OIF）中服役的退伍军人和现役人员的表现。八十八个人参加了这项研究。所有患者均接受了全面的临床评估，以确定创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和脑外伤（TBI）的存在和严重程度。眨眼条件调节任务包括随机混合的延迟和痕量条件刺激（CS）和非条件刺激（US）对（获取），然后进行一系列仅CS试验（消光）。结果显示，那些患有PTSD的临床诊断或患有合并性mTBI的PTSD的患者，其延迟水平和痕量条件性反应（CR）的水平和发生率均与已部署的对照组相似，因此暗示了完整的基础联想学习。在两个临床组中观察到了不同的灭绝损伤。延迟和痕量调节获得的CR以及痕量CR的消失与所有参与者的酒精行为有关。这些发现有助于表征来自OEF / OIF的PTSD和mTBI个体的学习和记忆功能，并增加了在该组中使用酒精可能导致更严重的认知功能障碍的惊人可能性。

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