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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Nitrate, Nitrite, and Ammonium Variability in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
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Nitrate, Nitrite, and Ammonium Variability in Drinking Water Distribution Systems

机译：饮用水分配系统中的硝酸盐，亚硝酸盐和铵的变异性

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Accurate assessments of exposure to nitrate in drinking water is a crucial part of epidemiological studies investigating long-term adverse human health effects. However, since drinking water nitrate measurements are usually collected for regulatory purposes, assumptions on (1) the intra-distribution system variability and (2) short-term (seasonal) concentration variability have to be made. We assess concentration variability in the distribution system of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium, and seasonal variability in all Danish public waterworks from 2007 to 2016. Nitrate concentrations at the exit of the waterworks are highly correlated with nitrate concentrations within the distribution net or at the consumers’ taps, while nitrite and ammonium concentrations are generally lower within the net compared with the exit of the waterworks due to nitrification. However, nitrification of nitrite and ammonium in the distribution systems only results in a relatively small increase in nitrate concentrations. No seasonal variation for nitrate, nitrite, or ammonium was observed. We conclude that nitrate measurements taken at the exit of the waterworks are suitable to calculate exposures for all consumers connected to that waterworks and that sampling frequencies in the national monitoring programme are sufficient to describe temporal variations in longitudinal studies.
机译：准确评估饮用水中硝酸盐的暴露量是调查长期不利于人类健康的流行病学研究的重要组成部分。但是，由于饮用水硝酸盐的测量值通常是出于监管目的而收集的，因此必须做出以下假设：（1）配电系统内部的可变性和（2）短期（季节性）浓度的可变性。我们评估了2007年至2016年丹麦所有公共自来水厂中硝酸盐，亚硝酸盐和铵的分配系统中的浓度变化以及季节性变化。自来水厂出口处的硝酸盐浓度与分配网或分配网中硝酸盐浓度高度相关。消费者的水龙头，而由于硝化作用，与自来水厂出口相比，网内的亚硝酸盐和铵浓度通常较低。但是，分配系统中亚硝酸盐和铵的硝化只会导致硝酸盐浓度的增加相对较小。没有观察到硝酸盐，亚硝酸盐或铵的季节性变化。我们得出的结论是，自来水厂出口处的硝酸盐测量值适合计算与该自来水厂连接的所有消费者的暴露量，并且国家监测计划中的采样频率足以描述纵向研究中的时间变化。

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