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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Review and Extension of CO 2 -Based Methods to Determine Ventilation Rates with Application to School Classrooms
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Review and Extension of CO 2 -Based Methods to Determine Ventilation Rates with Application to School Classrooms

机译：审查和扩展基于CO 2的确定通风率的方法，并将其应用于学校教室

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The ventilation rate (VR) is a key parameter affecting indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and the energy consumption of buildings. This paper reviews the use of CO 2 as a “natural” tracer gas for estimating VRs, focusing on applications in school classrooms. It provides details and guidance for the steady-state, build-up, decay and transient mass balance methods. An extension to the build-up method and an analysis of the post-exercise recovery period that can increase CO 2 generation rates are presented. Measurements in four mechanically-ventilated school buildings demonstrate the methods and highlight issues affecting their applicability. VRs during the school day fell below recommended minimum levels, and VRs during evening and early morning were on the order of 0.1 h ?1 , reflecting shutdown of the ventilation systems. The transient mass balance method was the most flexible and advantageous method given the low air change rates and dynamic occupancy patterns observed in the classrooms. While the extension to the build-up method improved stability and consistency, the accuracy of this and the steady-state method may be limited. Decay-based methods did not reflect the VR during the school day due to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system shutdown. Since the number of occupants in classrooms changes over the day, the VR expressed on a per person basis (e.g., L·s ?1 ·person ?1 ) depends on the occupancy metric. If occupancy measurements can be obtained, then the transient mass balance method likely will provide the most consistent and accurate results among the CO 2 -based methods. Improved VR measurements can benefit many applications, including research examining the linkage between ventilation and health.
机译：通风率（VR）是影响室内环境质量（IEQ）和建筑物能耗的关键参数。本文回顾了使用CO 2作为“天然”示踪气体估算VR的情况，重点是在学校教室中的应用。它提供了有关稳态，累积，衰减和瞬态质量平衡方法的详细信息和指南。提出了建立方法的扩展和对运动后恢复时期的分析，可以增加CO 2的产生速率。在四栋机械通风的学校建筑中进行的测量证明了这些方法，并突出了影响其适用性的问题。在上学期间，VR低于建议的最低水平，而在傍晚和清晨，VR大约为0.1 h？1，这反映了通风系统的关闭。鉴于在教室中观察到的低换气率和动态占用模式，瞬态质量平衡方法是最灵活，最有利的方法。虽然扩展构建方法可以改善稳定性和一致性，但此方法和稳态方法的准确性可能会受到限制。由于供暖，通风和空调（HVAC）系统关闭，基于衰减的方法无法反映上学日的VR。由于教室中的人数每天都在变化，因此以人为单位表示的VR（例如，L·s≤1·人≤1）取决于占用率。如果可以获得占用率测量值，那么瞬态质量平衡方法可能会在基于CO 2的方法中提供最一致，最准确的结果。改进的VR测量可以使许多应用受益，包括研究通风与健康之间关系的研究。

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