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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >A Review of the Field on Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: A Risk Assessment Approach
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A Review of the Field on Children’s Exposure to Environmental Contaminants: A Risk Assessment Approach

机译：儿童接触环境污染物领域的回顾：一种风险评估方法

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Background : Children must be recognized as a sensitive population based on having biological systems and organs in various stages of development. The processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of environmental contaminants within a child’s body are considered less advanced than those of adults, making them more susceptible to disease outcomes following even small doses. Children’s unique activities of crawling and practicing increased hand-to-mouth ingestion also make them vulnerable to greater exposures by certain contaminants within specific environments. Approach : There is a need to review the field of children’s environmental exposures in order to understand trends and identify gaps in research, which may lead to better protection of this vulnerable and sensitive population. Therefore, explored here are previously published contemporary works in the broad area of children’s environmental exposures and potential impact on health from around the world. A discussion of children’s exposure to environmental contaminants is best organized under the last four steps of a risk assessment approach: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment (including children’s activity patterns) and risk characterization. We first consider the many exposure hazards that exist in the indoor and outdoor environments, and emerging contaminants of concern that may help guide the risk assessment process in identifying focus areas for children. A section on special diseases of concern is also included. Conclusions : The field of children’s exposures to environmental contaminants is broad. Although there are some well-studied areas offering much insight into children exposures, research is still needed to further our understanding of exposures to newer compounds, growing disease trends and the role of gene-environment interactions that modify adverse health outcomes. It is clear that behaviors of adults and children play a role in reducing or increasing a child’s exposure, where strategies to better communicate and implement risk modifying behaviors are needed, and can be more effective than implementing changes in the physical environment.
机译：背景：必须基于各种发育阶段的生物系统和器官将儿童视为敏感人群。与成人相比，儿童体内环境污染物的吸收，分布，代谢和消除过程被认为较不先进，即使剂量很小，也更容易受到疾病的影响。儿童的独特爬行和练习活动会增加他们从手到嘴的摄入量，这也使他们容易受到特定环境中某些污染物的更大暴露。方法：有必要审查儿童暴露于环境中的领域，以了解趋势并确定研究差距，这可能会更好地保护这一脆弱和敏感的人群。因此，此处探讨的是以前出版的当代作品，涉及儿童在环境中的广泛接触以及对世界各地健康的潜在影响。在风险评估方法的最后四个步骤中，最好组织有关儿童暴露于环境污染物的讨论：危害识别，剂量反应评估，暴露评估（包括儿童的活动模式）和风险表征。我们首先考虑室内和室外环境中存在的许多接触危害，以及正在出现的令人关注的污染物，这些污染物可能有助于指导风险评估过程确定儿童的重点领域。还包括有关特殊疾病的章节。结论：儿童暴露于环境污染物的领域广阔。尽管有一些经过深入研究的领域可以深入了解儿童的暴露情况，但仍需要进行研究以进一步了解新化合物的暴露情况，疾病趋势的发展以及基因环境相互作用对不良健康后果的影响。显然，成人和儿童的行为在减少或增加儿童的暴露方面起着重要作用，在这种情况下，需要更好地沟通和实施风险改变行为的策略，并且比实施物理环境变化更有效。

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