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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Childhood Asthma: Recent Advances and Remaining Gaps in the Exposure Assessment Methods
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Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Childhood Asthma: Recent Advances and Remaining Gaps in the Exposure Assessment Methods

机译：与交通有关的空气污染和儿童哮喘：暴露评估方法的最新进展和仍然存在的差距

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Background : Current levels of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) are associated with the development of childhood asthma, although some inconsistencies and heterogeneity remain. An important part of the uncertainty in studies of TRAP-associated asthma originates from uncertainties in the TRAP exposure assessment and assignment methods. In this work, we aim to systematically review the exposure assessment methods used in the epidemiology of TRAP and childhood asthma, highlight recent advances, remaining research gaps and make suggestions for further research. Methods : We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies published up until 8 September 2016 and available in Embase, Ovid MEDLINE (R), and “Transport database”. We included studies which examined the association between children’s exposure to TRAP metrics and their risk of “asthma” incidence or lifetime prevalence, from birth to the age of 18 years old. Results : We found 42 studies which examined the associations between TRAP and subsequent childhood asthma incidence or lifetime prevalence, published since 1999. Land-use regression modelling was the most commonly used method and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) was the most commonly used pollutant in the exposure assessments. Most studies estimated TRAP exposure at the residential address and only a few considered the participants’ mobility. TRAP exposure was mostly assessed at the birth year and only a few studies considered different and/or multiple exposure time windows. We recommend that further work is needed including e.g., the use of new exposure metrics such as the composition of particulate matter, oxidative potential and ultra-fine particles, improved modelling e.g., by combining different exposure assessment models, including mobility of the participants, and systematically investigating different exposure time windows. Conclusions : Although our previous meta-analysis found statistically significant associations for various TRAP exposures and subsequent childhood asthma, further refinement of the exposure assessment may improve the risk estimates, and shed light on critical exposure time windows, putative agents, underlying mechanisms and drivers of heterogeneity.
机译：背景：尽管存在一些矛盾之处和异质性，但当前与交通有关的空气污染（TRAP）水平与儿童哮喘的发展有关。 TRAP相关哮喘研究不确定性的重要部分来自于TRAP暴露评估和分配方法的不确定性。在这项工作中，我们旨在系统地回顾用于TRAP和儿童哮喘的流行病学中的接触评估方法，重点介绍最新进展，尚存在的研究空白并为进一步研究提供建议。方法：我们系统地回顾了截至2016年9月8日的流行病学研究，这些研究可在Embase，Ovid MEDLINE（R）和“运输数据库”中获得。我们纳入了研究，研究了从出生到18岁的儿童接触TRAP指标与他们的“哮喘”发病率或终生患病风险之间的关系。结果：自1999年以来，我们发现了42项研究，研究了TRAP与随后的儿童哮喘发病率或终生患病率之间的关系。暴露评估。大多数研究估计了住所地址的TRAP暴露，只有少数研究者考虑了参与者的流动性。 TRAP暴露主要在出生年份进行评估，只有少数研究认为不同和/或多重暴露时间窗。我们建议需要做进一步的工作，例如，使用新的暴露指标，例如颗粒物，氧化电位和超细颗粒的组成，通过结合不同的暴露评估模型（包括参与者的活动能力）来改进建模。系统地调查不同的曝光时间窗口。结论：尽管我们先前的荟萃分析发现各种TRAP暴露与随后的儿童哮喘在统计学上具有显着相关性，但进一步完善暴露评估可能会改善风险估计，并揭示关键的暴露时间窗，推定的药物，潜在的发病机制和驱动因素异质性。

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