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首页> 外文期刊>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health >Smoking and Pregnancy — A Review on the First Major Environmental Risk Factor of the Unborn
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Smoking and Pregnancy — A Review on the First Major Environmental Risk Factor of the Unborn

机译：吸烟和怀孕-胎儿的第一个主要环境危险因素综述

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摘要

Smoking cigarettes throughout pregnancy is one of the single most important avoidable causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and it represents the first major environmental risk of the unborn. If compared with other risk factors in the perinatal period, exposure to tobacco smoke is considered to be amongst the most harmful and it is associated with high rates of long and short term morbidity and mortality for mother and child. A variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes are linked with cigarette consumption before and during pregnancy. Maternal prenatal cigarette smoke disturbs the equilibrium among the oxidant and antioxidant system, has negative impact on the genetic and cellular level of both mother and fetus and causes a large quantity of diseases in the unborn child. These smoking-induced damages for the unborn offspring manifest themselves at various times in life and for most only a very limited range of causal treatment exists. Education, support and assistance are of high importance to decrease maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, as there are few other avoidable factors which influence a child’s health that profoundly throughout its life. It is imperative that smoking control should be seen as a public health priority.
机译：整个怀孕期间吸烟是可导致不良怀孕后果的最重要的可避免原因之一，它代表了胎儿的首要主要环境风险。如果与围产期的其他危险因素进行比较，则烟草烟雾暴露被认为是最有害的，并且与母婴的长期和短期发病率及死亡率高相关。怀孕前和怀孕期间，各种不利的妊娠结局与吸烟有关。产前产前香烟烟雾扰乱了氧化剂和抗氧化剂系统之间的平衡，对母亲和胎儿的遗传和细胞水平产生了负面影响，并导致未出生婴儿的大量疾病。这些对未出生后代的吸烟引起的损害在生活中的各个时期都表现出来，并且大多数情况下仅存在非常有限的因果关系。教育，支持和援助对于降低孕产妇和胎儿的发病率和死亡率至关重要，因为几乎没有其他可避免的因素会深刻影响儿童的一生。当务之急是将吸烟控制视为公共卫生的重点。

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